an investigation into the antibacterial activities of medicinal plants ...

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The acetone and methanol extracts of M. major only inhibited P. mirabilis strains at concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml (Table 12). Therefore increased concentrations of these M. major extracts at 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml were tested. The acetone and methanol M. major extracts did not inhibit the strains of S. pyogenes and E. feacalis at the concentrations of 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml (Table 13). All the strains of P. mirabilis [no.’s 1 – 5] were inhibited at the increased concentrations of the acetone and methanol extracts of M. major (Table 13 & Fig. 14). TABLE 13 Higher concentrations of the acetone and methanol extracts of M. major tested for antibacterial activity M. major extracts (mg/ml) Antibacterial activity of plant extracts: Acetone & Methanol P. mirabilis [5 strains] S. pyogenes [5 strains] E. feacalis [5 strains] 0.5 - - - 1.0 - - - 5.0 + - - 10 + - - 15 + - - 20 + - - (-): No inhibition (+): inhibition Control 10 mg/ml 20 mg/ml FIGURE 14 Antibacterial activity of acetone extracts of M. major against P. mirabilis at higher concentrations 82
5.2.2 Antibacterial activity of traditional plant preparations Traditional preparations, Leonotis leonurus & Melianthus major were prepared as decoctions for antibacterial activity testing. Infusions of B. frutescens leave gel and decoctions of Z. aethiopica were also included for testing against the strains of the three bacteria. The B. frutescens infusion and decoctions of the other three plants (L. leonurus, M. major & Z. aethiopica) did not inhibit any of the bacterial strains. Therefore no dilutions of the traditional preparations were tested. TABLE 14 Antibacterial activity of traditional plant preparations on agar plates Medicinal plants: Traditional preparations: Bacterial strains: P. mirabilis [5 strains] S. pyogenes [5 strains] E. feacalis [5 strains] B. frutescens Infusion - - - L. leonurus Decoction - - - M. major Decoction - - - Z. aethiopica Decoction - - - (-): No inhibition on plates; (+): Inhibition 83
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AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ANTIBACTE
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2.2.3.1 Bulbine frutescens 21 2.2.3
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ABSTRACT Traditional medicine has a
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to di
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H hr hour I INT p-iodonitrotetrazol
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LIST OF TABLES TABLES Page TABLE 1
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES Page FIGURE
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview
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In the rural communities where ther
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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 TRA
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uses of medicinal plants (Matsiliza
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under strict quality control measur
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The utilization and identification
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2.2.1.2 Phytomedicine and phytochem
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2.2.1.3 Conservation of medicinal p
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interactions (Peoples Medical Socie
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Some of the medicinal plants invest
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2.2.3.1 Bulbine frutescens Bulbine
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2.2.3.4 Zantedeschia aethiopica Thi
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2.3 TOPICAL BURN WOUND INFECTIONS 2
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p. 386). The process of wound heali
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techniques especially when handling
Page 45 and 46: ody warm to prevent hypothermia, es
Page 47 and 48: 2.3.3 Bacteria selected for investi
Page 49 and 50: TABLE 2 Summary of the selected tes
Page 51 and 52: extremely difficult to control. Res
Page 53 and 54: 2001), the traditional method of pr
Page 55 and 56: Step 1: EXTRACTION: Fresh medicinal
Page 57 and 58: different steps performed to obtain
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Traditional preparations Besi
Page 61 and 62: Twofold serial dilutions were made
Page 63 and 64: microtitre plate assay. Following p
Page 65 and 66: Plates supplemented with PNPG No PN
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 5 RESULTS Different solvent
Page 69 and 70: Undiluted plant extract concentrati
Page 71 and 72: number of bacterial strains of whic
Page 73 and 74: 59 TABLE 6 Continues: S. pyogenes [
Page 75 and 76: The different extracts of B. frutes
Page 77 and 78: TABLE 7 Bacteria tested: Screening
Page 79 and 80: 5.1.5 Standard antimicrobial sensit
Page 81 and 82: TABLE 8a Standard antimicrobial sen
Page 83 and 84: 5.1.6 Plant extract dilutions that
Page 85 and 86: The extracts of L. leonurus inhibit
Page 87 and 88: TABLE 9a Representation of the extr
Page 89 and 90: The lowest MIC’s of B. frutescens
Page 91 and 92: 5.1.8 The number of bacterial strai
Page 93 and 94: displayed antibacterial activity ag
Page 95: TABLE 12 Medicinal plants: Antibact
Page 99 and 100: Controls S. aureus [no. 1] K. pneum
Page 101 and 102: The growing threat and spread of an
Page 103 and 104: was presented for extraction as a s
Page 105 and 106: aethiopica inhibited a maximum of 1
Page 107 and 108: the agar dilution assay (Table 12 &
Page 109 and 110: Further testing on the plant extrac
Page 111 and 112: Brantner, A. & Grein, E. (1994). An
Page 113 and 114: Greenwood, D., Slack, R.C. & Peuthe
Page 115 and 116: Matsiliza, B. & Barker, N.P. (2001)
Page 117 and 118: Shale, T.L., Stirk, W.A., and van S
Page 119: http://gardening.worldonline.co.za/
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