Marine Industries Global Market Analysis - Marine Institute

MARINE INDUSTRIES GLOBAL MARKET ANALYSIS
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8 Ports
1999–03 2004 2005–09
Irish Market €M 832 150 780
UK Market €M 10,429 1,842 9,595
Europe Market €M 58,695 10,478 54,569
World Market €M 141,979 25,017 135,526
Definition – port revenues based on average prices per tonne of cargo loaded and unloaded.
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ports & Terminals Guide lists 8,336 ports and terminals worldwide. Perhaps some
1,600 or so of these are significant ports. In 2002, the top 50 ports handled 5.8 billion
tonnes of cargo. In 2003 vessel calls at world ports totalled 576,906. 33
Figure 8.1: Ports – World Market
Ports are a major benefactor from the strong growth in economic activity in China
and to a lesser extent India. Rotterdam increased its tonnage by 8% in 2004 and
Amsterdam by 13%.
European ports’ container traffic showed a 10% increase to 60 million TEU (twenty
foot equivalent units) in 2003 and it appears that this will be exceeded in 2004. Initial
figures from Rotterdam show a 16% surge in container traffic to 8.3 million TEU in
2004 and Hamburg achieved its fifth year of double digit growth.
However, container shipping capacity is growing faster than capacity of many ports to
receive it. Concerns have been expressed as to whether the European container
terminals and their hinterland connections can adequately adjust to the continuing
sharp increases in container volumes in a timely manner. US ports are also
experiencing severe congestion.
The result is the need for very large investment in expanding port capacity
worldwide. For example, Shanghai is spending $10bn in building what it expects to
be the world’s largest container port. Kuwait is to build a $1.2bn container port
becoming operational in stages from 2008. Spain has announced a plan to spend
€23bn on the maritime and ports sectors over the 15 years to 2020 – the proposal
particularly aims to boost short-sea shipping. New York’s capital improvements in
2005 total $1.7bn.
8.2 WORLD MARKET
The Ports sector worldwide was worth €25bn in 2004. Despite the considerable
numbers of ports, the majority of traffic, 5,700 billion tonnes, flows through the top
50 ports. A practical problem in assessing the market is that most ports do not issue
annual reports that show total sales revenues, but only show tonnage. 34
Source: Douglas–Westwood
Table 8.1: Ports – World Market
1999–03 2004 2005–09
Africa 3152 569 3083
Asia 32198 5988 34632
Australasia 1849 328 1779
E Europe/FSU 6363 1310 7095
Latin America 7964 1248 6762
Middle East 4641 823 4459
North America 27117 4273 23147
Western Europe 58695 10478 54569
TOTAL (€M) 141979 25017 135526
Source: Douglas-Westwood
Figure 8.2: Ports – Regional Segmentation
2005–2009
Annual reports of some of the largest ports suggest rates per tonne of between
€1.12 to €1.67, whereas the smaller ports can be €2.82 to €3.78. Using these prices
suggests a total turnover for the world ports sector of €26.5 billion in 2003. Since
1999 the sector (in € value terms) increased to €31 billion in 2001, then returned to
previous levels by 2004, at €25 billion. Analysis of projections of global trade forecasts
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‘Vessel Calls at US Ports 2003’, US Department of Transportation, Marine Administration Department.
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e.g.‘The US Public Port Finance Survey’ relies on voluntary responses and shows net income and tonnage.
Source: Douglas–Westwood