Crustacea: Copepoda - Cerambycoidea.com

very short, only a few days, from early April to early July; eggs laid in batches in
wood crevices, in rough bark or in boreholes; hatch 7-14 days later, larval galleries
unbranched and curved, in sapwood and heartwood; bore dust ejected creating piles of
dust; feed on ambrosia fungus growing on walls of larval passage, introduced from
egg-shell; pupal chamber excavated near the ingress hole, and pupal stage lasts a
week. Very common in N & C Europe; most widespread in England in north and
west; in Scotland favours northern birchwoods; relict old forest species in southern
parts of main range at least. SW Ireland. Has appeared in Surrey in 2001, although
whether this represents an expansion of the British or continental ranges, or an
accidental introduction through movement of timber, is not clear. Widespread in
Europe.
Lymexylon navale (L.) - RDB2. Confined to ancient forest areas, where larvae bore into
heartwood of living and dead standing oaks Quercus and occasionally sweet chestnut
Castanea, usually well above ground level, of in felled trunks or stumps, but always
where bark has been damaged, drying out the underlying sapwood to some extent;
eggs laid in such situations from end of May to July; larvae bore very narrow galleries
straight into the centre of the trunk; auxiliary passages constructed as larvae get
larger; feeds on cellulose, etc, not fungi; pupal chamber under outer wood surface
close to ingress point; at least 1 year life cycle. A clustered distribution in Britain, in
West Midlands and south-east; N, E, & C Europe.
Phloiophilidae
Phloiophilus edwardsii Stephens* - Nationally Scarce B. An autumn species, developing in
fungus Phlebia merismoides, which grows on the bark of dead boughs and branches
of various broad-leaved trees and shrubs. Widespread throughout much of Britain.
Trogossitidae - Flat Beetles
Nemozoma elongatum (L.) - RDB3. Lives in the burrows of the bark beetles Pteleobius
vittatus and Leperisinus varius, mostly in old palings.
Ostoma ferrugineum (L.) - RDB1. Larvae feed in heartwood and sapwood of large Scots pine
Pinus sylvestris that have been extensively rotted by the fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii;
adults usually found under bark; relict old pine forest in GB, also ancient spruce Picea
forest elsewhere in Europe; widely distributed Palaearctic sp.
Zimioma grossum (L.) – Fossil. Apparently associated with birch Betula damaged by forest
fires, and sub-fossils found at Thorne Moors, 3000 BP.
Thymalus limbatus (F.)* - Nationally Scarce B. Larvae and adults live beneath loose bark on
decaying broad-leaved timber, especially oak Quercus, and in the later stages of
white-rot decay when the heartwood is dry and soft. In Britain has a northern &
western distribution extending across to the Weald in southern England. Ireland:
Kerry. Confined to ancient wood pastures.
Cleridae - Checkered Beetles
Tillus elongatus (L.)* - Nationally Scarce B. A predator of other beetles on old broad-leaved
trees, especially larvae of Ptilinus pectinicornis, and usually in hard dead heartwood
of beech Fagus. The larvae hunt nocturnally under bark and on the outside of the
tree. Mainly in southern and south-eastern England, but with single records from
Cumbria and Co Kerry. Throughout much of Europe.
Tilloidea unifasciata (F.) – Extinct. A predator on immature stages of Lyctus beetles in old
stumps and under bark on dead oak Quercus and beech Fagus; most usually in GB in
fresh oak palings. Adults attracted to flowering shrubs. Widespread across Europe.
Opilo mollis (L.) - Nationally Scarce B. Larvae predatory on anobiid beetle larvae in old
hard timber; Opilo larvae crawl through Anobium tunnels in search of prey; eggs laid
only if adult Anobium have been found; pupate beneath bark. Nocturnal. Widespread
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