Hope Not Hype - Third World Network

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Afterword 123 Afterword “Agriculture is not just about putting things in the ground and then harvesting them…it is increasingly about the social and environmental variables that will in large part determine the future capacity of agriculture to provide for eight or nine billion people in a manner that is sustainable.” – Achim Steiner, Executive Director, UNEP NO one can know for sure if there will be a technology capable of feeding the world forever. At least for now, we should be as attentive to limiting our appetites as we are to our capacity to produce more food, fuel and materials. The Assessment had hard words for the societies that have long disproportionately consumed. Harder words still for their attempts to maintain their consumption using subsidies and market-distorting trade mechanisms and asymmetric IPR frameworks. What is clear is that modern biotechnology – at least in the way we have been developing and implementing it – cannot feed the world. What the Assessment found with regard to GMOs was: 1. There is no evidence of a general, sustained or reliable increase in yield from GM crops over the 12 years since the first commercial release. 2. There is no evidence of a sustained reduction in costs to farmers adopting GM crops, nor a sustained and reliable increase in profits to such farmers. 3. There is no evidence of a sustainable reduction in pesticide use. In fact, there is a dramatic increase in the use of some herbicides and the special way that they are used on GM crops is undermining the conventional farmer’s weed control options. 4. The overwhelming majority of GM crops were not designed to increase yield, they were designed to sell particular agrochemicals or biological pesticides. 5. There is no evidence that genetic engineering has been effective at delivering the crops and animals needed by the majority of the world’s farmers, or at prices they can afford. 6. The wholesale grab of plant germplasm as the intellectual property of a few megacorporations is consolidating the seed industry and threatens long-term plant agrobiodiversity and biodiversity. Should GM animals ever become viable commercial products, there is every reason to expect the same contraction in animal germplasm.
124 Hope Not Hype Figure 9.1: Degrees of commitment to GM agriculture Only two countries in the world have converted the majority of their agroecosystems to GM cropping (black boxes). According to industry figures, Argentina and Paraguay are true “mega-countries” of GM (James, 2007), and according to UN FAO figures (FAOSTAT, 2008), they also have suffered from increased undernutrition and decreasing food supply since the introduction of GM cropping, reversing pre-GM trends (see Chapter Seven). The majority of the top 20 GM-producing countries commit
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62 Hope Not Hype Tabashnik, B. E.,
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