Hope Not Hype - Third World Network

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Setting the Scene 27 Could this vision work Some of those representing the status quo do not think so. The Editor of Nature Biotechnology, for example, has charged that “the report and perhaps the entire IAASTD exercise appear to be an attempt to blind world leaders to any potential positive contribution from GM crops” (Editor, 2008b, p. 247). However, 58 of the 61 national delegations participating in the intergovernmental panel accepted the text of the Biotechnology Theme in the Assessment’s Synthesis Report without reservation or debate. Of those who noted reservations, the United States did not agree to accept the Assessment and China did. What mystical properties does the Editor believe are possessed by these authors that they would be capable of deceiving the governments of Canada, France, the UK, India, Australia and Brazil – which together produce ~25% of world acreage in GM crops (Table 2.2) Conclusions There is scant evidence that simply tinkering with global agriculture will produce either the food or social security that are both wanted and needed by 2050 and beyond. The authors of the Assessment faced this dilemma when considering some forms of biotechnology. Say that the ‘bird in hand’ is some old but proven approaches to addressing local and global food needs, ways which are also widely acknowledged as effective for building local knowledge and economic independence. Yet out there somewhere are ‘multiple birds in the bush’, undeniably promising technologies that, despite the benefit of tremendous financial and political backing over 12 years of commercial production, have not delivered on your broad production, economic and social goals (Pray and Naseem, 2007). Which would you responsibly endorse, the bird in the hand or the birds in the bush, knowing that you not only must feed everyone today, but must feed even more people in 50 years’ time – and do so in a way that is both environmentally and socially sustainable Even Nature Biotechnology confirmed the Assessment’s disappointment with GM crops “with regard to the achievements of the past 10 years” (Editor, 2008b, p. 247). It was rational to take the benefits already in hand over those that always seem just out of reach. Table 2.2: Estimated GM crop production by selected countries that accepted text on biotechnology in the IAASTD Synthesis Report Country GM crops in million hectares Proportion of global total (%)* Australia 0.1 0.09 Brazil 15 13 Canada 7.0 6 France
28 Hope Not Hype References Coghlan, A. (2008). How to kickstart an agricultural revolution. New Sci., 8-9. Editor (2008a). Deserting the hungry Nature 451, 223-224. Editor (2008b). Off the rails. Nat. Biotechnol. 26, 247. Evans, L. T. (2005). The changing context for agricultural science. J. Agric. Sci. 143, 7-10. FAO (2003). http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/focus/2003/water.htm. Date of access: 11 August 2008. FAO (2007a). Food outlook. Global market analysis. UN FAO. http://www.fao.org/giews/. FAO (2007b). The State of Food and Agriculture. Paying Farmers for Environmental Services. UN FAO. FAOSTAT 2008. http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx. Date of access: 8 March 2008. Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., Hoekstra, A. Y. and van der meer, T. H. (2008). Water footprint of bio-energy and other primary energy carriers. 29. UNESCO-IHE. Heinemann, J. A. (2008). Off the rails or on the mark Nat. Biotechnol. 26, 499-500. Helling, M., Beaulier, S. and Hall, J. (2008). High cotton: why the USA should not provide subsidies to cotton farmers. Econ. Affairs 28, 65-66. IAASTD, ed. (2008). International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (Washington, D.C., Island Press). IAASTD, ed. (2009). Agriculture at a Crossroads: The Synthesis Report (Washington, D.C., Island Press). James, C. (2007). Executive Summary of Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2007. ISAAA Brief No. 37. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA). Jiggins, J. (2008). Bridging gulfs to feed the world. New Sci., 16-17. Keith, D. (2008). Why I had to walk out of farming talks. New Sci., 17-18. Kern, M. (2002). Food, feed, fibre, fuel and industrial products of the future: challenges and opportunities. Understanding the stategic potential of plant genetic engineering. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 188, 291-305. Kiers, E. T., Leakey, R. R. B., Izac, A.-M., Heinemann, J. A., Rosenthal, E., Nathan, D. and Jiggins, J. (2008). Agriculture at a Crossroads. Science 320, 320-321. Leakey, R. (2008). Food farming is now top of the world’s agenda. In The Times. Lederberg, J. (1970). Orthobiosis: The Perfection of Man. In The Place of Value in a World of Facts, S. Nilsson and A. Tiselius, eds. (John Wiley & Sons), pp. 29-58. MEA (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis. In Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Washington, D.C., Island Press), p. 137. Minigh, H. (2008). CropLife still committed to assessment’s original aims. Nature 452, 685. Monsanto (2008). http://www.monsanto.com/responsibility/our_pledge/taking_action/protect_innov.asp. Date of access: 2 June 2008. Pennisi, E. (2008). The Blue Revolution, Drop by Drop, Gene by Gene. Science 320, 171-173. Pingali, P. L. and Traxler, G. (2002). Changing locus of agricultural research: will the poor benefit from biotechnology and privatization trends Food Policy 27, 223-238. Pinstrup-Andersen, P. and Cohen, M. J. (2000). Modern Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture: Risks and Opportunities for the Poor. In Agricultural Biotechnology and the Poor, G. J. Persley and M. M. Lantin, eds. (Washington, D.C., CGIAR), pp. 159-169. Pray, C. E. and Naseem, A. (2007). Supplying crop biotechnology to the poor: opportunities and constraints. J. Develop. Studies 43, 192-217. Rivera-Ferre, M. G. (2008). The future of agriculture. EMBO Rep. 9, 1061-1066. Rivera-Ferre, M. G. (2009). Response. EMBO Rep. 10, 105-107. Salleh, A. (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/18/2220685.htm. Date of access: 11 May 2008.
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