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Appendix Three: Potential Human Health Risks from Bt Plants 155 References Akiba, T., Abe, Y., Kitada, S., Kusaka, Y., Ito, A., Ichimatsu, T., Katayama, H., Akao, T., Higuchi, K., Mizuki, E., et al. (2004). Crystallization of parasporin-2, a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein with selective cytocidal activity against human cells. Biol. Cryst. Acta Cryst. D D60, 2355-2357. Anonymous (1999). Microbial pest control agent Bacillus thuringiensis. World Health Organization. Anonymous (2003). Environmental impact assessment of aerial spraying Btk in NZ for painted apple moth. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Apaydin, O., Yenidünya, A. F., Harsa, S. and Günes, H. (2005). Isolation and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains from different grain habitats in Turkey. World J. Microbiol. Biotech. 21, 285-292. Betz, F. S., Hammond, B. G. and Fuchs, R. L. (2000). Safety and Advantages of Bacillus thuringiensis-Protected Plants to Control Insect Pests. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32, 156- 173. Clark, B. W., Phillips, T. A. and Coats, J. R. (2005). Environmental fate and effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins from transgenic crops: a review. J. Agr. Food Chem. 53, 4643- 4653. Davis, S. and Mirick, D. K. (2006). Soil ingestion in children and adults in the same family. J. Exp. Anal. Envir. Epidemiol. 16, 63-75. de Maagd, R. A., Bosch, D. and Steikema, W. (1999). Bacillus thuringiensis toxin-mediated insect resistance in plants. Trends Pl. Sci. 4, 9-13. Drobniewski, F. A. (1994). The safety of Bacillus species as insect vector control agents. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 76, 101-109. FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx. Date of access: 8 March 2008. Finamore, A., Roselli, M., Britti, S., Monastra, G., Ambra, R., Turrini, A. and Mengheri, E. (2008). Intestinal and Peripheral Immune Response to MON810 Maize Ingestion in Weaning and Old Mice. J. Agr. Food Chem. 56, 11533-11539. Ghirbi, D., Zouari, N. and Jaoua, S. (2005). Improvement of bioinsecticides production through adaptation of Bacillus thuringiensis cells to heat treatment and NaCl addition. J. Appl. Microbiol. 98, 823-831. He, X. Y., Huang, K. L., Li, X., Qin, W., Delaney, B. and Luo, Y. B. (2008). Comparison of grain from corn rootworm resistant transgenic DAS-59122-7 maize with non-transgenic maize grain in a 90-day feeding study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 1994- 2002. Heinemann, J. A. and Traavik, T. (2004). Problems in monitoring horizontal gene transfer in field trials of transgenic plants. Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1105-1109. Ichimatsu, T., Mizuki, E., Nishimura, K., Akao, T., Saitoh, H., Higuchi, K. and Ohba, M. (2000). Occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensis in fresh waters of Japan. Curr. Microbiol. 40, 217-220. Ito, A., Sasaguri, Y., Kitada, S., Kusaka, Y., Kuwano, K., Masutomi, K., Mizuki, E., Akao, T. and Ohba, M. (2004). A Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein with selective cytocidal action to human cells. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 21282-21286. Kiliç, A. and Akay, M. T. (2008). A three generation study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: Biochemical and histopathological investigation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 1164-1170. Kim, H.-S., Yamashita, S., Akao, T., Saitoh, H., Higuchi, K., Park, Y. S., Mizuki, E. and Ohba, M. (2000). In vitro cytotoxicity of non-Cyt inclusion proteins of a Bacillus thuringiensis isolate against human cells, including cancer cells. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89, 16-23.
156 Hope Not Hype Kroghsbo, S., Madsen, C., Poulsen, M., Schroder, M., Kvist, P. H., Taylor, M., Gatehouse, A., Shu, Q. and Knudsen, I. (2008). Immunotoxicological studies of genetically modified rice expressing PHA-E lectin or Bt toxin in Wistar rats. Toxicol. 245, 24-34. Malley, L. A., Everds, N. E., Reynolds, J., Mann, P. C., Lamb, I., Rood, T., Schmidt, J., Layton, R. J., Prochaska, L. M., Hinds, M., et al. (2007). Subchronic feeding study of DAS-59122-7 maize grain in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 45, 1277-1292. Martin, P. A. W. and Travers, R. S. (1989). Worldwide abundance and distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 2437-2442. NPTN (2000). http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/BTtech.pdf. Date of access: 28 December 2008. Quesada-Moraga, E., Garcia-Tovar, E., Valverde-Garcia, P. and Santiago-Alvarez, C. (2004). Isolation, geographical diversity and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis from soils in Spain. Microbiol. Res. 159, 59-71. Schoeni, J. L. and Lee Wong, A. C. (2005). Bacillus cereus food poisoning and its toxins. J. Food Prot. 68, 636-648. Seralini, G.-E., Cellier, D. and Spiroux de Vendomois, J. (2007). New analysis of a rat feeding study with a genetically modified maize reveals signs of hepatorenal toxicity. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0149-5, 596-602. Tayabali, A. F. and Seligy, V. L. (2000). Human cell exposure assays of Bacillus thuringiensis commercial insecticides: production of Bacillus cereus-like cytolytic effects from outgrowth of spores. Environ. Health Perspect. 108, 919-930. Terry, S. (2007). Food Safety Credibility. Sustainability Council. http://www.sustainabilitynz.org/ docs/FoodSafetyCredibility_GMLysineCorn.pdf. Vázquez-Padrón, R. I., Gonzáles-Cabrera, J., García-Tovar, C., Neri-Bazan, L., Lopéz-Revilla, R., Hernández, M., Moreno-Fierro, L. and de la Riva, G. A. (2000). Cry1Ac protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis sp. kurstaki HD73 binds to surface proteins in the mouse small intestine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 271, 54-58. Velimirov, A., Binter, C. and Zentek, J. (2008). Biological effects of transgenic maize NK603xMON810 fed in long term reproduction studies in mice. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Familie und Jugend, Sektion IV. Youngsteadt, E. and Stokstad, E. (2008). GM crops: a world view.
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Pesticides 1
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4 Hope Not Hype Chapter Seven: Biot
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vi Hope Not Hype IR kg MAB/S μg mg
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viii Hope Not Hype shrouded in laye
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18 Hope Not Hype women in the tradi
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22 Hope Not Hype The larger issue t
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32 Hope Not Hype The Assessment tex
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44 Hope Not Hype Figure 4.1: Lysine
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46 Hope Not Hype Even if all corn p
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48 Hope Not Hype Whether or not som
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54 Hope Not Hype The plant science
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56 Hope Not Hype Comments such as S
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58 Hope Not Hype nologies in Midvil
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60 Hope Not Hype The authors of the
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62 Hope Not Hype Tabashnik, B. E.,
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64 Hope Not Hype So far, we do not
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66 Hope Not Hype Does genetic engin
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68 Hope Not Hype Bacillus producing
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70 Hope Not Hype Box 6.1: Do insect
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76 Hope Not Hype Heinemann, J. A. (
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78 Hope Not Hype WHO (2005). Modern
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80 Hope Not Hype The Assessment tex
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94 Hope Not Hype GM fish production
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98 Hope Not Hype Marris, E. (2008).
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102 Hope Not Hype The Assessment te
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