The Qur'an in its historical context (pdf - Islam and Christian-Muslim ...

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MANFRED KROPP R. Paret, Der Koran. Kommentar und Konkordanz, Stuttgart (etc.): Kohlhammer, 1971, 133. Yet Rudolph does not really widen the horizon, except for the mention of the thesis of Ebionite influence. 22 C. Conti Rossini, “L’omelia di Yohannes, vescovo d’Aksum in onore di Garimâ,” Actes du Congrès international des Orientalistes, section sémitique, Paris, 1898, 139–77. 23 By Bible text I mean not strictly the text of the Bible only, but rather the rich religious literature – homilies, lives of saints and so on – that developed quickly in Ethiopia after Christianization and the translation of the Bible. Biblical citations, for example, appear very soon in secular texts, such as royal inscriptions. 216
10 NASCENT ISLAM IN THE SEVENTH CENTURY SYRIAC SOURCES Abdul-Massih Saadi Introduction The Arab invasions of the seventh century marked the beginning of a dramatic change in the heartland of Eastern Christianity. The Arabs’ style until that time had been to overrun and pillage the landscape, and then, just as quickly, to withdraw to their desert. At this time, however, things were different. They called their new invasion :hijra, that is, Immigration, 1 and the Syriac people called them :Mhaggrayê, that is, Immigrants. In the present paper I will ask how the Syriac Christians responded when the Mhaggrayê settled in this conquered land. How did they view the Mhaggrayê historically, religiously, and ethnically in the seventh century? The diverse Syriac Christians had varying opinions about the Mhaggrayê. However, their common description of the Mhaggrayê warrants attention and consideration. In this paper, except for comparative hints, I will avoid the Byzantine Christian sources. Byzantine Christians were attacked and lost their land to the conquering Muslims. Having faced this experience, Byzantine authors tend to be polemical. Additionally, I will avoid Arabic, Muslim authors not simply because they were victors who wrote in justification of their conquests, but in actual fact because there is no contemporary Arabic writing concerning the events in the seventh century. Arabic chronologies and other writings are not available before the late eighth century. Thus, I will limit myself to the Syriac writers, who were neither declared enemies nor outward friends of the new conquerors. The diverse Syriac Christians By the seventh century, Syriac Christians were ecclesiastically divided into four main groups. There were Chalcedonians (or Melkites) and Non-Chalcedonians. Each of these two groups was further subdivided into two groups. The Chalcedonians were either monotheletes or dyotheletes while the non-Chalcedonians were either “Nestorians” or “Jacobites.” The Syriac, Chalcedonian Christians, 217
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THE QUR’AN IN ITS HISTORICAL CONT
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THE QUR’AN IN ITS HISTORICAL CONT
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CONTENTS List of images vii Notes o
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IMAGES 1 Epitaph of Imru’ al-Qays
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CONTRIBUTORS Others Saw it (Princet
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FOREWORD Three decades ago, when a
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FOREWORD foundations of the Qur’a
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EGYPT Constantinople ANATOLIA Black
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS meaning for a
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS in kufischen
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS beginning. It
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS manuscripts i
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Of these theo
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS his writing s
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS heretofore or
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Not everyone
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS how easily th
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Notes 1 I am
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS der Zeit durc
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS 58 Elsewhere,
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Part 1 LINGUISTIC AND HISTORICAL EV
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FRED M. DONNER their attitudes cons
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FRED M. DONNER knowing what, if any
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FRED M. DONNER forgotten and misund
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FRED M. DONNER same basic letter-fo
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FRED M. DONNER in Jabal Usays inscr
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FRED M. DONNER about theology and r
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FRED M. DONNER contrary views. John
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FRED M. DONNER and interpretation -
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FRED M. DONNER not have to wait for
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FRED M. DONNER 18 F.M. Donner, “F
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FRED M. DONNER south of Damascus, d
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ROBERT HOYLAND Abu l-Faraj (Bar Heb
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 2 Dedication
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 6 Building te
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ROBERT HOYLAND Interestingly, Arab
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ROBERT HOYLAND of the Christians ma
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 9 Graffiti, U
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ROBERT HOYLAND d Arabic had also lo
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ROBERT HOYLAND 17-36; C. Robin, “
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ROBERT HOYLAND when Abu Karib, a Gh
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3 RECENT RESEARCH ON THE CONSTRUCTI
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GERHARD BÖWERING correlated with t
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GERHARD BÖWERING certain consonant
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GERHARD BÖWERING two centuries and
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GERHARD BÖWERING for example, the
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GERHARD BÖWERING origins of Islam.
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GERHARD BÖWERING which the Qur’a
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GERHARD BÖWERING 8 The Satanic ver
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GERHARD BÖWERING 41 D. Chwolsohn,
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4 RECONSIDERING THE AUTHORSHIP OF T
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CLAUDE GILLIOT influenced by the th
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CLAUDE GILLIOT The case of Waraqa b
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CLAUDE GILLIOT ● The (supposedly)
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CLAUDE GILLIOT for him the “readi
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CLAUDE GILLIOT and this can be cons
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CLAUDE GILLIOT The same Van Reeth o
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CLAUDE GILLIOT in Journal of Qur’
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 29 Tabari (i.e. Bal
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 55 Gilliot, Exégès
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 96 Qurtubi, Tafsir,
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH thematic, they have
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH that he thinks that
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH While here is not t
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH these narratives in
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH the cave” (18:10)
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH God’s promise is
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH Furthermore, given
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH and he took the wel
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH al-raqim could just
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH heaven, the Lord
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH So the Qur’an’s
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH sources, most notab
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH 37 See I. Guidi,
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH 68 Bellam y, “Al-
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Part 2 THE RELIGIOUS CONTEXT OF THE
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR the parallels ar
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR interprets this
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR The verb khalaqa
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR condemnation; ev
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR Matthew and Mark
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR The Qur’anic n
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR to which Christ
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR thalathatun inta
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR To Him is referr
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR However, the pri
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR 15 See FV, 255-6
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD hear all and kno
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Page 186 and 187: SULEIMAN A. MOURAD quench our thirs
Page 188 and 189: SULEIMAN A. MOURAD The majority of
Page 190 and 191: SULEIMAN A. MOURAD Conclusion The Q
Page 192 and 193: SULEIMAN A. MOURAD 29 The translati
Page 194 and 195: KEVIN VAN BLADEL The present invest
Page 196 and 197: KEVIN VAN BLADEL he found outside t
Page 198 and 199: KEVIN VAN BLADEL Egyptian metalwork
Page 200 and 201: KEVIN VAN BLADEL The title of the S
Page 202 and 203: KEVIN VAN BLADEL The second of the
Page 204 and 205: KEVIN VAN BLADEL relic of the True
Page 206 and 207: KEVIN VAN BLADEL apocalyptic terms
Page 208 and 209: KEVIN VAN BLADEL due to an earlier,
Page 210 and 211: KEVIN VAN BLADEL Floods of nations
Page 212 and 213: KEVIN VAN BLADEL It is tempting the
Page 214 and 215: KEVIN VAN BLADEL What is striking i
Page 216 and 217: KEVIN VAN BLADEL impossible for the
Page 218 and 219: KEVIN VAN BLADEL noose from the roo
Page 220 and 221: KEVIN VAN BLADEL (scil. Gog and Mag
Page 222 and 223: 9 BEYOND SINGLE WORDS Ma’ida - Sh
Page 224 and 225: MANFRED KROPP perhaps under Indian
Page 226 and 227: MANFRED KROPP New examples The word
Page 228 and 229: MANFRED KROPP been understood as a
Page 230 and 231: MANFRED KROPP lame walk and the dea
Page 232 and 233: MANFRED KROPP round the Red Sea.”
Page 236 and 237: ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI who had been at
Page 238 and 239: ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI having accepted
Page 240 and 241: ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI 22 Saadi, “The
Page 243 and 244: 11 NOTES ON MEDIEVAL AND MODERN EME
Page 245 and 246: NOTES ON EMENDATIONS OF THE QUR’A
Page 267 and 268: 12 SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN Classical
Page 269 and 270: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN For classica
Page 271 and 272: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN the exegesis
Page 273 and 274: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN Nabataeans t
Page 275 and 276: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN In the case
Page 277 and 278: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN an obvious c
Page 279 and 280: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN 17 “Nabati
Page 281 and 282: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ibn Ishaq. See Ibn His
Page 283 and 284: BIBLIOGRAPHY Chronicle of Siirt, Ch
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Al-A‘zami, Muhammad
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Chwolsohn, D. Die Ssab
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BIBLIOGRAPHY —— “Collecte ou
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BIBLIOGRAPHY —— “The textual
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Rome: The Gregorian Un
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BIBLIOGRAPHY —— “Die Wissensc
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BIBLIOGRAPHY al-Samuk, S.M. Die his
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Wansbrough, J. Qur’a
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21:5-8 188, 192 21:20 188, 192 21:2
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160 227 161 238 180 242 surat al-an
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surat al-najm (53) 19-20 84 (n. 8)
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INDEX OF PEOPLE, PLACES AND SUBJECT
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