The Qur'an in its historical context (pdf - Islam and Christian-Muslim ...

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DEVIN J. STEWART 51 Luxenberg, Die syro-aramäische Lesart des Koran, 2nd ed, 266. 52 Ibid., 254–94. 53 Ibid., 276–8, 258–61. 54 Ibid., 295–303. 55 E. Beck, “Eine christliche Parallelen zu den Paradiesjungfrauen des Koran?,” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 14, 1948, 398–405. 56 Luxenberg, Die syro-aramäische Lesart des Koran, 2nd edn, 170–1. 57 J. Barth, “Studien zur Kritik und Exegese des Qorans,” Der Islam 6, 1916, 113–48, esp. 124–5. 248
12 SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN Classical Muslim theories Andrew Rippin It is important to remember that by no means are Christoph Luxenberg or even Alphonse Mingana the first people to contemplate the presence of Syriac in the Qur’an. Starting in the early centuries of Islam, Muslim exegetes frequently discussed various words which they considered to be of Syriac origin. Early Muslim writers were apparently aware of a language either still spoken in their midst or evident in texts called suryani or nabati – and they appear to have appealed to that knowledge to solve exegetical problems in the Qur’an. The basic thrust is the same as the one for Luxenberg 1 and Mingana: 2 if the text is problematic, then perhaps Syriac can solve the issue. Medieval Muslims took a similar basic approach. In this paper I will examine the use of Syriac as a tool for medieval Muslim exegetes and investigate the reasons why they felt it necessary to look to the foreign origin of certain words and why it might be that they chose Syriac in certain Qur’anic instances, as compared to Greek, Coptic or Hebrew, other popular “foreign languages” which are adduced in their commentaries. 3 In order to accomplish this, I will first speak about the concept of foreign languages in the Qur’an and contrast the classical Muslim approach with that of the more recent scholarly attitude. I will then turn specifically to the area of Syriac, try to add some clarity to the concept itself, and then consider the Muslim use of the category. With that information at hand, we will then be in a better position to try to compare some of the approaches of modern scholarship with the classical, which is the underlying theme of this essay. A basic philological approach to the Qur’an might well suggest that looking for foreign vocabulary in the text is simply a “natural” thing to do; languages interact, they grow, they change due to the mingling of people in situations in which they employ different languages. The evidence is plain to see in the emergence of modern English and there is no reason not to think that Arabic would not be exactly the same. Scholarly philological observations regarding Arabic were certainly stimulated in the past especially by the particular form of proper names which were familiar from the Biblical tradition which are found in 249
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THE QUR’AN IN ITS HISTORICAL CONT
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THE QUR’AN IN ITS HISTORICAL CONT
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CONTENTS List of images vii Notes o
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IMAGES 1 Epitaph of Imru’ al-Qays
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CONTRIBUTORS Others Saw it (Princet
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FOREWORD Three decades ago, when a
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FOREWORD foundations of the Qur’a
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EGYPT Constantinople ANATOLIA Black
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS meaning for a
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS in kufischen
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS beginning. It
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS manuscripts i
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Of these theo
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS his writing s
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS heretofore or
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Not everyone
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS how easily th
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Notes 1 I am
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS der Zeit durc
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS 58 Elsewhere,
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Part 1 LINGUISTIC AND HISTORICAL EV
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FRED M. DONNER their attitudes cons
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FRED M. DONNER knowing what, if any
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FRED M. DONNER forgotten and misund
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FRED M. DONNER same basic letter-fo
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FRED M. DONNER in Jabal Usays inscr
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FRED M. DONNER about theology and r
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FRED M. DONNER contrary views. John
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FRED M. DONNER and interpretation -
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FRED M. DONNER not have to wait for
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FRED M. DONNER 18 F.M. Donner, “F
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FRED M. DONNER south of Damascus, d
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ROBERT HOYLAND Abu l-Faraj (Bar Heb
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 2 Dedication
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 6 Building te
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ROBERT HOYLAND Interestingly, Arab
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ROBERT HOYLAND of the Christians ma
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 9 Graffiti, U
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ROBERT HOYLAND d Arabic had also lo
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ROBERT HOYLAND 17-36; C. Robin, “
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ROBERT HOYLAND when Abu Karib, a Gh
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3 RECENT RESEARCH ON THE CONSTRUCTI
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GERHARD BÖWERING correlated with t
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GERHARD BÖWERING certain consonant
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GERHARD BÖWERING two centuries and
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GERHARD BÖWERING for example, the
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GERHARD BÖWERING origins of Islam.
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GERHARD BÖWERING which the Qur’a
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GERHARD BÖWERING 8 The Satanic ver
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GERHARD BÖWERING 41 D. Chwolsohn,
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4 RECONSIDERING THE AUTHORSHIP OF T
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CLAUDE GILLIOT influenced by the th
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CLAUDE GILLIOT The case of Waraqa b
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CLAUDE GILLIOT ● The (supposedly)
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CLAUDE GILLIOT for him the “readi
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CLAUDE GILLIOT and this can be cons
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CLAUDE GILLIOT The same Van Reeth o
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CLAUDE GILLIOT in Journal of Qur’
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 29 Tabari (i.e. Bal
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 55 Gilliot, Exégès
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 96 Qurtubi, Tafsir,
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH thematic, they have
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH that he thinks that
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH While here is not t
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH these narratives in
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH the cave” (18:10)
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH God’s promise is
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH Furthermore, given
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH and he took the wel
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH al-raqim could just
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH heaven, the Lord
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH So the Qur’an’s
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH sources, most notab
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH 37 See I. Guidi,
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH 68 Bellam y, “Al-
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Part 2 THE RELIGIOUS CONTEXT OF THE
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR the parallels ar
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR interprets this
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR The verb khalaqa
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR condemnation; ev
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR Matthew and Mark
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR The Qur’anic n
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR to which Christ
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR thalathatun inta
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR To Him is referr
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR However, the pri
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR 15 See FV, 255-6
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD hear all and kno
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD would lead to a
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD quench our thirs
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD The majority of
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD Conclusion The Q
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD 29 The translati
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL The present invest
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL he found outside t
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL Egyptian metalwork
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL The title of the S
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL The second of the
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL relic of the True
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL apocalyptic terms
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL due to an earlier,
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL Floods of nations
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL It is tempting the
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL What is striking i
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Page 222 and 223: 9 BEYOND SINGLE WORDS Ma’ida - Sh
Page 224 and 225: MANFRED KROPP perhaps under Indian
Page 226 and 227: MANFRED KROPP New examples The word
Page 228 and 229: MANFRED KROPP been understood as a
Page 230 and 231: MANFRED KROPP lame walk and the dea
Page 232 and 233: MANFRED KROPP round the Red Sea.”
Page 234 and 235: MANFRED KROPP R. Paret, Der Koran.
Page 236 and 237: ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI who had been at
Page 238 and 239: ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI having accepted
Page 240 and 241: ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI 22 Saadi, “The
Page 243 and 244: 11 NOTES ON MEDIEVAL AND MODERN EME
Page 245 and 246: NOTES ON EMENDATIONS OF THE QUR’A
Page 265: NOTES ON EMENDATIONS OF THE QUR’A
Page 269 and 270: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN For classica
Page 271 and 272: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN the exegesis
Page 273 and 274: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN Nabataeans t
Page 275 and 276: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN In the case
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Page 279 and 280: SYRIAC IN THE QUR’AN 17 “Nabati
Page 281 and 282: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ibn Ishaq. See Ibn His
Page 283 and 284: BIBLIOGRAPHY Chronicle of Siirt, Ch
Page 285 and 286: BIBLIOGRAPHY Al-A‘zami, Muhammad
Page 287 and 288: BIBLIOGRAPHY Chwolsohn, D. Die Ssab
Page 289 and 290: BIBLIOGRAPHY —— “Collecte ou
Page 291 and 292: BIBLIOGRAPHY —— “The textual
Page 293 and 294: BIBLIOGRAPHY Rome: The Gregorian Un
Page 295 and 296: BIBLIOGRAPHY —— “Die Wissensc
Page 297 and 298: BIBLIOGRAPHY al-Samuk, S.M. Die his
Page 299: BIBLIOGRAPHY Wansbrough, J. Qur’a
Page 302 and 303: 21:5-8 188, 192 21:20 188, 192 21:2
Page 304 and 305: 160 227 161 238 180 242 surat al-an
Page 306 and 307: surat al-najm (53) 19-20 84 (n. 8)
Page 308 and 309: INDEX OF PEOPLE, PLACES AND SUBJECT
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