surat al-najm (53) 19–20 84 (n. 8) 36–7 82 62 78 surat al-qamar (54) 11 200 (n. 28) surat al-rahman (55) 20 253 54 253 72 xii, 112 surat al-waqi‘a (56) 17 100 22 112 28–31 233 surat al-saff (61) 3 238 6 159 surat al-tahrim (66) 12 143, 164 surat al-qalam (68) 13 49 (n. 41) surat al-j<strong>in</strong>n (72) 15 235 surat al-<strong>in</strong>san (76) 17 253 INDEX OF QUR’ANIC VERSES 288 19 100 21 253 surat al-nazi‘at (79) 16 236 surat al-mutaffif<strong>in</strong> (83) 9 241 20 241 25 253 surat al-a‘la (87) 19 82 surat al-ghashiyya (88) 15 253 surat al-t<strong>in</strong> (95) 2 226, 236 surat al-‘alaq (96) 1 147 1–5 9 19 78 surat al-qadr (or qadar, 97) 1 78 surat al-bayy<strong>in</strong>a (98) 5 239 surat al-kawthar (108) 1 98 2 78
INDEX OF PEOPLE, PLACES AND SUBJECTS Aaron, priest, prophet 143, 145, 152, 164, 165, 166, 172, 236, 244 ‘Abdallah b. Ja‘far 93 ‘Abd al-Malik 14, 34, 35, 79, 100 Abel 236 Abraha 206 Abraham 7, 17, 22 (n. 38), 37–8, 76, 78, 81, 82, 86 (n. 54), 142–4, 161 (n. 7), 165, 214 (n. 7), 220, 238–40, 244 Abu Bakr, caliph 91 Abu Bakr al-Asamm 98 Abyss<strong>in</strong>ia 112, 114, 213 (n. 3) Adam 52, 80, 142–4, 146–8, 155, 165 ‘Addas 90, 91 ahl al-kitab 81, 153, 156 Aksum 205, 211 Aleppo 49 (n. 50), 55, 59 Alex<strong>and</strong>er the Great 19, 51, 175–203 Alex<strong>and</strong>er Legend 175–7, 180–91, 193–6, 197 (ns. 4, 6, 8), 198 (n. 8), 199 (ns. 12, 20), 200 (n. 28), 201 (n. 30), 203 (n. 78) Alex<strong>and</strong>er Romance 175, 177, 203 (n. 78) Alex<strong>and</strong>ria 170, 206 ‘Ali b. Abi Talib 171, 232, 233 Ammon, god 119 (n. 18) Anatolia 183, 184, 186 Angels 10, 17, 118, 154, 156, 159, 200 (n. 28), 211, 236 Anne, mother of Mary 142, 164 Antioch 59, 137 (n. 93) Apocalyptic 176, 183, 185, 188, 191, 195, 203 (n. 64) Apocrypha (Biblical) 70, 83, 85 (n. 39), 86 (n. 52), 87 (n. 60), 112, 115, 141, 142, 146, 152, 154, 159, 172; Gospel of the Hebrews 80; Proto-Evangelium of James 165–6, 171–2; Pseudo-Matthew 166–8, 171, 174 289 Arabian Pen<strong>in</strong>sula 70, 76, 77, 205, 206 Arabic language 8, 12–13, 15, 17, 34, 44, 49 (ns. 47, 50), 51, 54–7, 65–6 (n. 5), 66 (n. 12), 70–1, 76, 78, 80, 82–3, 89–90, 92, 94–7, 100–1, 109–11, 130–1, 133 (n. 25), 196, 204–5, 214 (ns. 7, 8), 227–8, 230, 249–54, 255, 257–9; Arabic-Aramaic (or Syriac) “mixedlanguage” 15, 38–40, 78–9, 115–16, 227; Judaeo-Arabic 256; poetic ko<strong>in</strong>è 13, 36–8, 95; script 10, 16, 45, 57–65, 66 (n. 7), 68 (n. 42), 73–5, 100, 254 Aramaic language (cf. Syriac language) 10, 12, 15, 23 (n. 48), 24 (ns. 75, 76), 36–41, 51–3, 59, 70, 78, 85 (n. 39), 90, 92–3, 94, 96, 99–100, 102 (n. 17), 104 (n. 33), 110, 115, 128, 136 (n. 69), 194, 196, 204–5, 212–13, 214 (n. 7), 215 (n. 19), 227, 250, 253–8; script 53, 57, 60, 114, 125 Armenia 162 (n. 33), 184, 187, 199 (n. 14) Armenian language 59, 190, 196, 226 asatir al-awwal<strong>in</strong> 89, 102 (n. 15) Astrology 52 August<strong>in</strong>e 162 (n. 32) Bab al-Lan (Darial Pass) 186 Babylon 51, 180 Badr, battle 72, 93 Baghdad 45 Bahira (Sergius), monk 82, 87 (n. 56), 91, 102 (n. 14), 103 (n. 26) al-Baladhuri 92 al-Balkhi, Abu l-Qasim 93 Banu K<strong>in</strong>da 53, 63 Bar Hebraeus (Abu l-Faraj) 52, 121, 122 Basilides 154 Basra 42
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THE QUR’AN IN ITS HISTORICAL CONT
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THE QUR’AN IN ITS HISTORICAL CONT
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CONTENTS List of images vii Notes o
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IMAGES 1 Epitaph of Imru’ al-Qays
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CONTRIBUTORS Others Saw it (Princet
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FOREWORD Three decades ago, when a
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FOREWORD foundations of the Qur’a
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EGYPT Constantinople ANATOLIA Black
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS meaning for a
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS in kufischen
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS beginning. It
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS manuscripts i
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Of these theo
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS his writing s
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS heretofore or
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Not everyone
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS how easily th
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS Notes 1 I am
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS der Zeit durc
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GABRIEL SAID REYNOLDS 58 Elsewhere,
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Part 1 LINGUISTIC AND HISTORICAL EV
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FRED M. DONNER their attitudes cons
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FRED M. DONNER knowing what, if any
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FRED M. DONNER forgotten and misund
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FRED M. DONNER same basic letter-fo
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FRED M. DONNER in Jabal Usays inscr
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FRED M. DONNER about theology and r
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FRED M. DONNER contrary views. John
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FRED M. DONNER and interpretation -
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FRED M. DONNER not have to wait for
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FRED M. DONNER 18 F.M. Donner, “F
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FRED M. DONNER south of Damascus, d
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ROBERT HOYLAND Abu l-Faraj (Bar Heb
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 2 Dedication
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 6 Building te
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ROBERT HOYLAND Interestingly, Arab
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ROBERT HOYLAND of the Christians ma
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ROBERT HOYLAND Figure 9 Graffiti, U
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ROBERT HOYLAND d Arabic had also lo
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ROBERT HOYLAND 17-36; C. Robin, “
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ROBERT HOYLAND when Abu Karib, a Gh
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3 RECENT RESEARCH ON THE CONSTRUCTI
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GERHARD BÖWERING correlated with t
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GERHARD BÖWERING certain consonant
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GERHARD BÖWERING two centuries and
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GERHARD BÖWERING for example, the
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GERHARD BÖWERING origins of Islam.
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GERHARD BÖWERING which the Qur’a
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GERHARD BÖWERING 8 The Satanic ver
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GERHARD BÖWERING 41 D. Chwolsohn,
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4 RECONSIDERING THE AUTHORSHIP OF T
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CLAUDE GILLIOT influenced by the th
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CLAUDE GILLIOT The case of Waraqa b
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CLAUDE GILLIOT ● The (supposedly)
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CLAUDE GILLIOT for him the “readi
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CLAUDE GILLIOT and this can be cons
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CLAUDE GILLIOT The same Van Reeth o
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CLAUDE GILLIOT in Journal of Qur’
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 29 Tabari (i.e. Bal
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 55 Gilliot, Exégès
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CLAUDE GILLIOT 96 Qurtubi, Tafsir,
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH thematic, they have
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH that he thinks that
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH While here is not t
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH these narratives in
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH the cave” (18:10)
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH God’s promise is
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH Furthermore, given
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH and he took the wel
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH al-raqim could just
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH heaven, the Lord
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH So the Qur’an’s
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH sources, most notab
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH 37 See I. Guidi,
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SIDNEY GRIFFITH 68 Bellam y, “Al-
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Part 2 THE RELIGIOUS CONTEXT OF THE
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR the parallels ar
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR interprets this
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR The verb khalaqa
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR condemnation; ev
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR Matthew and Mark
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR The Qur’anic n
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR to which Christ
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR thalathatun inta
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR To Him is referr
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR However, the pri
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SAMIR KHALIL SAMIR 15 See FV, 255-6
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD hear all and kno
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD would lead to a
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD quench our thirs
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD The majority of
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD Conclusion The Q
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SULEIMAN A. MOURAD 29 The translati
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL The present invest
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL he found outside t
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL Egyptian metalwork
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL The title of the S
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL The second of the
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL relic of the True
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL apocalyptic terms
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL due to an earlier,
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL Floods of nations
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL It is tempting the
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL What is striking i
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL impossible for the
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL noose from the roo
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KEVIN VAN BLADEL (scil. Gog and Mag
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9 BEYOND SINGLE WORDS Ma’ida - Sh
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MANFRED KROPP perhaps under Indian
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MANFRED KROPP New examples The word
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MANFRED KROPP been understood as a
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MANFRED KROPP lame walk and the dea
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MANFRED KROPP round the Red Sea.”
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MANFRED KROPP R. Paret, Der Koran.
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ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI who had been at
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ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI having accepted
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ABDUL-MASSIH SAADI 22 Saadi, “The
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11 NOTES ON MEDIEVAL AND MODERN EME
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NOTES ON EMENDATIONS OF THE QUR’A
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NOTES ON EMENDATIONS OF THE QUR’A
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NOTES ON EMENDATIONS OF THE QUR’A
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NOTES ON EMENDATIONS OF THE QUR’A
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NOTES ON EMENDATIONS OF THE QUR’A
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