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Chiang – MIT V.E.8 New Electrode Designs for Ultra-high Energy Density (MIT) FY 2011 Publications/Presentations 1. C.-J. Bae, C. Erdonmez, Y.-M. Chiang, and J.W. Halloran, “Influence of Controlled Pore Topology in Sintered Li-ion Battery Cathodes on Electrochemical Performance,” Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, Boston, MA, November 2010. 2. Y.-M. Chiang, Electrical Energy Storage to Enable Clean Transportation and Growth of Renewable Energy, Dow Distinguished Lectureship in Materials Science and Engineering in Support of Society, University of California at Berkeley, March 31, 2011. 3. Y.-M. Chiang, 2010-2011 Kent R. van Horn Distinguished van Horn Lecturership (3 lectures), CaseWestern Reserve University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, March 14-16, 2011. FY 2011 Annual Progress Report 657 Energy Storage R&D
V.E.9 In Situ Electron Spectroscopy of Electrical Energy Storage Materials (ORNL) Raymond R. Unocic Oak Ridge National Laboratory Materials Science and Technology Division One Bethel Valley Rd PO Box 2008 MS-6064 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6030 Phone: (865) 574-0096; Fax: (865) 576-5413 E-mail: unocicrr@ornl.gov Start Date: January 2010 Projected End Date: December 2014 Objectives · The primary aim of this research is to develop and perform quantitative in situ electron microscopy experiments of electrical energy storage materials using an electrochemical cell holder built specifically for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization. · The key benefits include the ability to wholly contain and image through volatile organic electrolytes while performing nanoscale electrochemistry experiments within the high vacuum environment of the TEM column at high spatial and temporal resolution. · This technique will enable evaluations of critical nmscaled microstructural and micro-chemical changes as a function of battery test conditions, electrode materials, electrolyte, and electrolyte additives. Technical Barriers The technical barrier is the present lack of highresolution electrochemical characterization techniques, which allow for the direct observations of dynamically evolving electrochemical reactions during charge/discharge cycling. Technical Targets · Develop in situ characterization technique and methodology to investigate dynamically evolving electrochemical reaction mechanisms. Accomplishments · Developed a prototype in situ electrochemical cell capable of performing in situ mircroscopy experiments · Studied the formation and growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite electrodes in real time and at high spatial resolution. Introduction The accelerated development of materials for utilization in electrical energy storage systems will hinge critically upon our understanding of how interfaces (particularly electrode-electrolyte solid-liquid interfaces) control the physical and electrochemical energy conversion processes. A prime example is found in Li + ion-based battery systems, where a passive multiphase layer grows at the electrode/electrolyte interface due to the decomposition of the liquid electrolyte. Once formed, this SEI protects the active electrode materials from degradation and also regulates the transport and intercalation of Li + ions during battery charge/discharge cycling. Due to the dynamically evolving nature of this nm scaled interface, it has proven difficult to design experiments that will not only elucidate the fundamental mechanisms controlling SEI nucleation and growth, but will also track microstructural and chemical evolution of the SEI as a function of charge/discharge cycling to be monitored in real time. Approach In this program, we have developed an electrochemical fluid cell for in situ TEM studies of electrochemical reactions of energy storage materials. The core challenge of preventing the evaporation of high vapor pressure and volatile organic liquid electrolytes has recently been overcome through sealing of the fluid between thin electron transparent viewing membranes. Typically this is accomplished through the use of silicon microchip devices containing a central thin electron transparent silicon nitride (SiN x ) viewing membrane as shown in Figure V - 213. To create the electrochemical cell, two silicon microchips are stacked upon one another and placed within the tip of a precision machined TEM holder. Energy Storage R&D 658 FY 2011 Annual Progress Report
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V. FOCUSED FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH Int
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V.A Introduction Duong - DOE, Srini
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V.B Cathode Development V.B.1 First
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V.B.1 First Principles Calculations
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V.B.1 First Principles Calculations
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V.B.2 Cell Analysis, High-energy De
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V.B.3 Olivines and Substituted Laye
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V.B.4 Stabilized Spinels and Nano O
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V.B.4 Stabilized Spinels and Nano O
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V.B.5 The Synthesis and Characteriz
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V.B.5 Synthesis & Characterization
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V.B.6 Cell Analysis-Interfacial Pro
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V.B.6 Cell Analysis-Interfacial Pro
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V.B.7 Role of Surface Chemistry on
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V.B.8 Characterization of New Catho
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V.B.8 Characterization of New Catho
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V.B.9 Layered Cathode Materials (AN
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V.B.10 Development of High Energy C
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V.B.10 Development of High Energy C
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V.B.11 Crystal Studies on High-ener
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V.B.12 Developing Materials for Lit
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V.B.13 Studies on the Local SOC and
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V.B.13 Studies on the Local SOC and
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V.B.14 New Cathode Projects (LBNL)
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V.C.1 Nanoscale Composite Hetero-st
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V.C.1 Nanoscale Composite Hetero-st
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V.C.2 Interfacial Processes - Diagn
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V.C.3 Search for New Anode Material
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V.C.4 Nano-structured Materials as
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V.C.4 Nano-structured Materials as
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V.C.5 Development of High Capacity
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V.C.5 Development of High Capacity
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V.C.6 Advanced Binder for Electrode
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V.C.6 Advanced Binder for Electrode
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V.C.7 Three-Dimensional Anode Archi
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ARGONNE2_CDJ403T me Pro ile V.C.7 T
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V.C.8 Metal-Based High-Capacity Li-
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V.C.8 Metal-Based High-Capacity Li-
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V.C.9 New Layered Nanolaminates for
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V.C.9 New Layered Nanolaminates for
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V.C.10 Atomic Layer Deposition for
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V.C.10 Atomic Layer Deposition for
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V.C.11 Synthesis and Characterizati
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V.C.11 Polymer-Coated Layered SiOx-
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V.C.12 Synthesis and Characterizati
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V.C.12 Silicon Clathrates for Anode
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V.C.12 Silicon Clathrates for Anode
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V.C.13 Wiring Up Silicon Nanopartic
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V.C.13 Wiring Up Silicon Nanopartic
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V.C.14 Hard Carbon Materials for Hi
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V.C.14 Hard Carbon Materials for Hi
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V.D.1 Polymer Electrolytes for Adva
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V.D.1 Polymer Electrolytes for Adva
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V.D.2 Interfacial Behavior of Elect
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V.D.2 Interfacial Behavior of Elect
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V.D.3 Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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V.D.3 Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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Page 171 and 172: V.E.3 Intercalation Kinetics and Io
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