V. Focused Fundamental Research - EERE - U.S. Department of ...

V.G Integrated Lab-Industry Research Program (LBNL, ANL)
Jordi Cabana 1 , John T. Vaughey 2 , Jeff Chamberlain 2 ,
Michel Foure 1 , Venkat Srinivasan 1
1 Environmental Energy Technologies Division
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
1 Cyclotron Rd. MS62R0203
Berkeley, CA 94720-8168
E-mail: jcabana@lbl.gov
2 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
9700 S Cass Ave
Argonne National Laboratory
Lemont, IL 60439
E-mail: vaughey@anl.gov
Participants:
Brian Ingram, Guoying Chen, Tom Richardson, Robert
Kostecki, Marca Doeff, Gao Liu, John Zhang, John Kerr,
Vince Battaglia, D. Schroeder (NIU)
Start Date: August 2010
Projected End Date: September 2015
Objectives
· Design, synthesize and characterize solid lithium
ion conductors that enhance the cycle life of lithium
metal based anodes in a lithium battery.
· Develop characterization tools that give a better
understanding of how the coatings and lithium
metal interact and how they interact in an
electrochemical cell environment.
· Design, synthesize and characterize organic lithium
ion conducting materials that enhance the cycle life
of lithium metal based anodes in a lithium battery.
Technical Barriers
This project addresses the following technical
barriers from the Energy Storage section of the DOE
Vehicle Technologies Program Multi-Year Research,
Development and Demonstration Plan:
(A) 40 mile range for PHEVs
(B) Abuse tolerance
(C) Cell life
Technical Targets
· Design polymer-based single ion conductor
electrolytes with low bulk resistance and interfacial
impedance.
· Synthesize, design and characterize ceramic and
composite ceramic electrolytes with suitable
mechanical, electrical and chemical properties.
· Use microscopy and spectroscopy to study and
evaluate changes on lithium metal anode surfaces in
the presence of different surface modifications.
· Evaluate Li + diffusion at the heterogeneous
interface between a liquid and a solid electrolyte.
Accomplishments
· Developed low temperature synthetic methods for
Li x (Ti,Al) 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP), the most widely used
solid lithium ion conductor, (Li,La)TiO 3 (LLTO)
and Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZ) Method allows for better
control of particle size and morphology.
· Carried out detailed MAS-NMR and TGA-MS
studies to determine relationship between annealing
temperature, phase formation, and cation ordering
in LATP.
· Determined the phase relationships in the Li 2 O­
P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 phase diagram and optimized
compositions for high Li-ion conductivity and
stability. Investigated role of lithium borate in
enhancing grain boundary conductivity and
sintering for glasses and LATP ceramics.
· Developed a series of nanoscale coatings based on
the surface chemistry of lithium metal. Determined
how coatings enhance cycle life and how they
interact in the cell environment. Initiated
ellipsometry studies to examine how the coating
changes as a function of cycling.
· Single ion conductor polymer gels based on
polysulfones that show very low interfacial
impedance have been prepared.
· The integrity of siloxane coatings on lithium was
evaluated by both Raman and FTIR spectroscopy.
Introduction
Achieving the DOE 40 mile range target for
PHEVs will require significant advancements in energy
storage technology. The main focus of this project will
be to devise new methods to understand and stabilize
lithium metal anodes in a lithium battery. Previous
literature work has focused on the electrolyte reactivity
and electrodeposition problems and the effects of these
issues on long term cycling stability. We have initiated
Energy Storage R&D 670 FY 2011 Annual Progress Report