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Kumta – U. Pitts V.C.1 Nanoscale Composite Hetero-structures: Novel High Capacity Reversible Anodes (U. Pitts) amorphous Si (a-Si) and nano-crystalline Si (nc-Si) that exhibit capacities as high as 2000 mAh/g. FY 2011 Publications/Presentations 1. W. Wang and P. N. Kumta, “Nanostructured hybrid silicon/carbon nanotube heterostructures: Reversible high-capacity lithium-ion anodes”, ACS Nano, 4, 4, (2010), 222-2241. 2. W. Wang, R. Epur and P. N. Kumta, “Vertically aligned silicon/carbon nanotube (VASCNT) arrays: Hierarchical anodes for lithium-ion battery” Electrochem. Commu. 13 (2011) 429-432. 3. W. Wang, M. K. Datta, J. Maranchi, S. J. Chung, R. Epur, K. Kadakia, P. Jampani and P. N. Kumta, “Amorphous silicon–carbon based nano-scale thin film anode materials for lithium ion batteries” Electro. Acta. 56 (2011) 4717-4723. 4. Presentation at the 2011 DOE Annual Peer Review Meeting. 5. R. Epur, M. K. Datta, W. Wang, J. Maranchi, P. H. Jampani and P. N. Kumta, “Si/C based nanocomposite anodes for Li-ion batteries”, 218 th ECS meeting at Las Vegas, NV, USA. 6. R. Epur, M. K. Datta, A. Manivannan and P. N. Kumta, “Nanocrystalline Si/C/MWCNT based heterostructured electrodes – High capacity anodes for Li-ion batteries”,219 th ECS meeting at Montreal, Canada. 7. R. Epur, S. J. Chug, R. Kuruba, A. Manivannan and P. N. Kumta, “Nanocrystalline-amorphous Si composite anode by chemical reduction of Si salts”, 220 th ECS meeting at Boston, USA. FY 2011 Annual Progress Report 539 Energy Storage R&D
V.C.2 Interfacial Processes – Diagnostics (LBNL) Robert Kostecki Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory Environmental Energy Technologies Division 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90-3026D Berkeley, CA 94720 Phone: (510) 486-6002; Fax: (510) 486-5454 E-mail: r_kostecki@lbl.gov Start Date: October 1, 2010 Projected End Date: September 30, 2011 Objectives · Establish direct correlations between BATT baseline electrodes’ interfacial phenomena and surface chemistry, morphology, topology, and degradation mechanisms · Evaluate and improve the capacity and cycle life of intermetallic anodes and high voltage cathodes o Determine physico-chemical properties of the SEI i.e., chemical composition, reactions kinetics, morphology, ionic/electronic conductivity etc. o Investigate electrocatalytic behavior of intermetallic anodes in organic electrolytes o Provide remedies to interface instability e.g., new alloys and/or structures, electrolyte additives, codeposition of other metals etc. o Characterize degradation modes, improve SEI long-term stability in high-energy Li-ion systems o Evaluate the effect of surface composition and architecture on electrochemical behavior of the electrode Technical Barriers · This project addresses the following technical barriers related to the battery technology development effort of the DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies: · Inadequate Li-ion battery energy (related to cost) · Poor lithium battery calendar/cycle lifetime for PHEV and EV applications · High electrode impedance that limits power density · Need for new advanced battery materials and composite electrodes with acceptable specific energy, durability, costs, and safety characteristics Technical Targets · Cycle life: 5000 (deep) and 300,000 (shallow) cycles (40 mile). · Available energy: 96 Wh/kg (40 mile). · Calendar life: 15 years. Accomplishments · Characterization of the interfacial phenomena of a LiMnPO 4 composite cathode was completed o Charge/discharge of LiMnPO 4 composite cathode produces an unstable surface layer o Composition of the film changes continuously during cycling. Inorganic electrolyte oxidation products tend to gradually accumulate on the electrode surface · Preliminary in situ and ex situ studies of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 surface reactivity were carried out o LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 exhibits surface instability in EC/DEC/LIPF 6 electrolyte · Fundamental study of interfacial properties at Sn electrode was completed o In situ study revealed that an effective SEI layer never forms on polycrystalline Sn in EC-DEC LiPF 6 electrolytes mainly due to high reactivity of (001) Sn surface orientation o The mechanism of interfacial reactions at Sn (001) and (100) electrode surface orientations was determined and characterized · Effective strategies to suppress unwanted surface reactions on Sn electrodes were proposed Introduction A primary aim of this project is to develop and use advanced diagnostic techniques and experimental methodologies to characterize basic physico-chemical properties and function of Li-ion electrode active and passive components that are being developed for use in PHEV and EV applications. The focus of this task is to understand and correlate fundamental interfacial processes that occur in Li-ion batteries with the cell electrochemical performance. The diagnostic evaluation of composite and model electrodes are used to determine cell failure Energy Storage R&D 540 FY 2011 Annual Progress Report
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V. FOCUSED FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH Int
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V.A Introduction Duong - DOE, Srini
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V.B Cathode Development V.B.1 First
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V.B.1 First Principles Calculations
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V.B.1 First Principles Calculations
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V.B.2 Cell Analysis, High-energy De
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V.B.3 Olivines and Substituted Laye
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V.B.4 Stabilized Spinels and Nano O
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V.B.4 Stabilized Spinels and Nano O
Page 23 and 24: V.B.5 The Synthesis and Characteriz
Page 25 and 26: V.B.5 Synthesis & Characterization
Page 27 and 28: V.B.6 Cell Analysis-Interfacial Pro
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Page 31 and 32: V.B.7 Role of Surface Chemistry on
Page 39 and 40: V.B.8 Characterization of New Catho
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Page 43 and 44: V.B.9 Layered Cathode Materials (AN
Page 49 and 50: V.B.10 Development of High Energy C
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Page 53 and 54: V.B.11 Crystal Studies on High-ener
Page 59 and 60: V.B.12 Developing Materials for Lit
Page 65 and 66: V.B.13 Studies on the Local SOC and
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Page 69 and 70: V.B.14 New Cathode Projects (LBNL)
Page 71 and 72: V.C.1 Nanoscale Composite Hetero-st
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Page 81 and 82: V.C.3 Search for New Anode Material
Page 83 and 84: V.C.4 Nano-structured Materials as
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Page 87 and 88: V.C.5 Development of High Capacity
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Page 91 and 92: V.C.6 Advanced Binder for Electrode
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Page 117 and 118: V.C.12 Silicon Clathrates for Anode
Page 119 and 120: V.C.12 Silicon Clathrates for Anode
Page 121 and 122: V.C.13 Wiring Up Silicon Nanopartic
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V.C.14 Hard Carbon Materials for Hi
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V.C.14 Hard Carbon Materials for Hi
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V.D.1 Polymer Electrolytes for Adva
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V.D.1 Polymer Electrolytes for Adva
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V.D.2 Interfacial Behavior of Elect
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V.D.2 Interfacial Behavior of Elect
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V.D.3 Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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V.D.3 Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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V.D.4 Bi-functional Electrolytes fo
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V.D.4 Bi-functional Electrolytes fo
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V.D.5 Advanced Electrolyte and Elec
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V.D.6 Inexpensive, Nonfluorinated (
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V.D.6 Nonfluorinated (or Partially
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V.D.7 Development of Electrolytes f
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V.D.8 Sulfones with Additives as El
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V.D.8 Sulfones with Additives as El
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V.D.9 Long-lived Polymer Electrolyt
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V.E Cell Analysis, Modeling, and Fa
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V.E.1 Electrode Fabrication and Fai
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V.E.2 Modeling-Thermo-electrochemis
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V.E.2 Thermo-electrochemistry, Capa
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V.E.3 Intercalation Kinetics and Io
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V.E.4 Mathematical Modeling of Next
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V.E.5 Analysis and Simulation of El
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V.E.5 Analysis and Simulation of El
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V.E.6 Investigation of Critical Par
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V.E.6 Investigation of Critical Par
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V.E.7 Predicting/Understanding New
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V.E.8 New Electrode Designs for Ult
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V.E.8 New Electrode Designs for Ult
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V.E.9 In Situ Electron Spectroscopy
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V.E.9 In situ Electron Spectroscopy
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V.F.1 Energy Frontier Research Cent
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V.F.1 Energy Frontier Research Cent
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V.F.2 Novel In Situ Diagnostics Too
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V.F.2 Novel In Situ Diagnostics Too
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V.G Integrated Lab-Industry Researc
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