The obesogenic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids are dependent ...

FOOTNOTES
This work was carried out as a part of the ‘DOCMAR’ research program funded by Innovation
Norway and RUBIN. This work was supported by the Danish Natural Science Research Council, The
Novo Nordisk Foundation, The Carlsberg Foundation and performed as part of the research program
of the Danish Obesity Research Centre, supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research, Grant
2101-06-0005. Financial support was also received from the University of Bergen, Program
Committee on Nutrition, from the Eckbo Foundation and from the Norwegian Research Council,
Grant 200515-I30.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Aase Heltveit and Lars Erik Pindard for help during the animal studies. We also thank Guro
K. Christensen and Jacop Wessels for valuable technical assistance.
FIGURE LEGENDS
FIGURE 1. Elevated plasma bile acid concentration is an underlying factor for the increased
energy expenditure and decreased adiposity elicited by salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH)
feeding.(A-F) Male Wistar rats (n=6) were fed high-fat diets (45 kcal% fat) ad libitum for 46 days
with either SPH or casein as the sole protein source. (A-B) SPH-fed rats had elevated plasma bile
acids (BAs), whereas total liver BAs were unchanged. (C-E) The SPH-fed rats showed reduced body
weight gain. Energy efficiency, calculated as bodyweight gain per energy intake, and white adipose
tissue masses were reduced by SPH treatment. (F) Energy digestibility was equal in SPH and casein
fed rats. (G-M) Three groups of rats (n=6) were pair-fed the SPH-diet, the casein diet and the SPHdiet
with 0.5wt% cholestyramine (c’am). (G-I) Inclusion of cholestyramine to the SPH-diet attenuated
the increase in plasma BA concentrations, without modulating liver total BAs or growth. (J) Inclusion
of cholestyramine attenuated the reduction in body fat mass determined by dual-X ray absorptiometry
(DEXA). (K-L) Three groups of rats (n=6) were pair-fed the SPH-diet, the casein diet and the SPHdiet
with 0.5wt% cholestyramine (c’am) and energy expenditure was calculated by indirect
calorimetry. Cholestyramine treatment attenuated the increase in O2 consumption, CO2 elimination and
heat production. Data are presented as mean + S.E. Significant differences from casein-fed rats are
denoted by * (P