The obesogenic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids are dependent ...

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Figure 4 A 6 Liver Pparα B 21 Liver mRNA levels C 2,1 Liver Ppar β/δ ** D 33 Liver Adrp ** Ppar α/ Gtf2b 4 2 * Rel expression 14 7 * SPH Casein Ppar β/δ/ Gtf2b 1,4 0,7 Adrp/ Gtf2b 22 11 0 SPH Casein 0 Cpt-1a Acox1 0,0 SPH Casein 0 SPH Casein E nmol/ mg prot/ min Liver mit CPT-1 5,1 3,4 1,7 0,0 * SPH Casein F Acc2/ Gtf2b 0,9 0,6 0,3 0,0 Liver Acc2 ** SPH Casein G % inhibition CPT-1 inhibition by malonyl-CoA 0 -15 -30 -45 SPH Casein H mmol/ L Plasma OH-butyrate * 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Fasted Fed SPH Casein I mg/ tissue M Regression coefficient 270 180 90 0 40 30 20 10 0 -10 Liver TAG ** SPH (R 2 =0.92) Casein J Liver Oil red-O staining SPH Casein Fed plasma metabolomic by NMR Unassigned peaks (not in casein) Tyr Lipid (unsaturated) Choline Creatine Pyruvate or oxalacetate K mmol/ L 3 2 1 0 Plasma TAG Fasted * Lipid (mainly HDL or LDL) Fed SPH Casein L Vldlr/ Gtf2b N mmol/ L O 36 24 12 2,4 1,6 0,8 0,0 0,9 0 Liver Vldlr * SPH Fed plasma cholesterol Total HDL Casein Fed plasma cholesterol SPH Casein Downloaded from www.jbc.org by guest, on July 7, 2011 -20 -30 Glycoprotein Lipid (mainly VLDL) mmol/ L 0,6 0,3 SPH Casein -40 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Chemical shift (ppm) 0,0 LDL HDL/total P mg/ tissue 240 160 80 0 Liver TAG SPH SPH + c'am Casein Q mmol/ L Fed plasma TAG 4,8 3,2 1,6 0,0 ** SPH SPH + c'am Casein R nmol/ mg prot/ min Liver mit Palm-CoA oxidation 2,1 1,9 1,7 1,5 SPH SPH + c'am Casein S mmol/ L Fed plasma OHbutyrate 0,51 0,34 0,17 0,00 SPH SPH + c'am Casein 21
Figure 5 A Ppar α related B Ppar β/δ related Relative expression 1,8 1,2 0,6 0 * * Ppar a Acox Mcad SPH Casein Relative expression 2,7 1,8 0,9 0 ** * ** Ppar b/d Adrp Angptl4 SPH Casein C Relative expression 5,1 3,4 1,7 0,0 Fatty acid oxidation and uncoupling * * ** Cpt-1b Ucp2 Ucp3 SPH Casein D Relative expression 2,4 1,6 0,8 0 Ppar β/δ and Ucp3 * ## Ppar b/d Ucp3 SPH SPH+c'am Casein Figure 6 A pmol/ L D mmol/ L 81 54 27 0 18 12 6 Fed state hormones * Insulin Glucagon Plasma glucose ** SPH Casein SPH Casein B E Pck1/ Gtf2b mmol/ L 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 12,6 8,4 4,2 Liver Pck1 * C mg/ g liver Liver glycogen 105 70 35 ** 0 SPH Casein SPH Casein Fed plasma glucose * SPH SPH + c'am Casein Downloaded from www.jbc.org by guest, on July 7, 2011 0 Fasted Fed 0,0 SPH SPH + c'am Casein 22
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The obesogenic effects of polyunsat
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Acknowledgement .
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Abstract in Danish Polyumættede n-
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the
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was more than 3 times higher in the
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gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis (Fi
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high dietary PUFAs, the modulation
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In a pair of population studies, an
Page 17 and 18:
18. Massiera, F. et al. Arachidonic
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54. Xu, J. et al. Polyunsaturated f
Page 21 and 22:
Annexes 1. Ma T, Liaset B, Hao Q, P
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Fish Oil, Sucrose and Obesity Obesi
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Fish Oil, Sucrose and Obesity Figur
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Fish Oil, Sucrose and Obesity Table
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Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Fish Oil, Sucrose and Obesity 6. Ma
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Carbohydrate source and insulin sec
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20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
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68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
Page 41 and 42:
114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122
Page 43 and 44:
160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168
Page 45 and 46:
208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216
Page 47 and 48:
256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264
Page 49 and 50:
302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310
Page 51 and 52:
350 351 FIGURE LEGENDS 352 353 354
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398 399 400 401 402 403 404 subunit
Page 55 and 56: 446 447 448 449 450 451 gamma, coac
Page 57 and 58: 484 485 486 TABLE 1. Macronutrient
Page 59 and 60: Energy (kJ/g) 17.16 25.12 25.12 25.
Page 61 and 62: 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569
Page 63 and 64: 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643
Page 65: 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719
Page 74 and 75: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 Although i
Page 76 and 77: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 Figure 2.
Page 78 and 79: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 Figure 4.
Page 80 and 81: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 PLoS ONE |
Page 82 and 83: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 E synthase
Page 84 and 85: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 29. Granne
Page 86 and 87: JBC Papers in Press. Published on J
Page 88 and 89: hydrolysate (SPH), would be protect
Page 90 and 91: was used as the liver cytosolic fra
Page 92 and 93: In order to demonstrate that bile a
Page 94 and 95: Nutritional regulation of endogenou
Page 96 and 97: in increased whole body energy expe
Page 98 and 99: 38. Kanehisa M, and Goto S. (2000)
Page 100 and 101: FOOTNOTES This work was carried out
Page 102 and 103: fed the same diets, plus the SPH-di
Page 104 and 105: Figure 2 A nmol/ min/ mg prot 2,4 1
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7 A Plasma ALAT B Liver Ucp2
Page 110 and 111: Ruzzin et al. investigated the meta
Page 112 and 113: Ruzzin et al. CD14, and rho kinases
Page 114 and 115: Ruzzin et al. salmon oil induced a
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