The obesogenic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids are dependent ...

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374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 with different carbohydrate sources ad-libitum for 8 weeks. (A) Body weight development is shown as relative increase. (B) Energy efficiency was calculated as body weight gain divided by feed intake. (C) Digestibility of energy, nitrogen, organic material and fat were calculated in a separate set of mice (n=5). (D-F) Blood was collected, organs were dissected out and the weights were recorded. Hormones and lipid parameters were measured in plasma and expressions of Acox1 (acyl- CoA oxidase 1), Cpt1a (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a), Cpt2 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2), Hmgcs2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2), Srebf1 (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1), Scd1 (stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1), Acaca (acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha), Fasn (fatty acid synthase), Crem (cAMP responsive element modulator), Pde4c (phosphodiesterase 4C, cAMP specific), Ppargc1a (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha), Pck1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic), Gpt1a (glutamic pyruvic transaminase 1a), Got1 (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1, soluble), Agxt (alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase) and Cps1 (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1) were measured in liver using RT-qPCR and normalized to Tbp (TATA-box binding protein). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Different small letters denote significant differences (P
398 399 400 401 402 403 404 subunit II), Serpine1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), Ccl2 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2), Cd68 (CD68 antigen) and Emr1 (EGF-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like sequence 1 or F4/80) were measured in epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue by RT-qPCR and normalized to Tbp. (D) In a separate set of mice (n=9), an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance test were performed. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Different small letters denote significant differences (P
Page 1 and 2: The obesogenic effects of polyunsat
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Acknowledgement .
Page 5 and 6: Abstract in Danish Polyumættede n-
Page 7 and 8: Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the
Page 9 and 10: was more than 3 times higher in the
Page 11 and 12: gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis (Fi
Page 13 and 14: high dietary PUFAs, the modulation
Page 15 and 16: In a pair of population studies, an
Page 17 and 18: 18. Massiera, F. et al. Arachidonic
Page 19 and 20: 54. Xu, J. et al. Polyunsaturated f
Page 21 and 22: Annexes 1. Ma T, Liaset B, Hao Q, P
Page 23 and 24: Fish Oil, Sucrose and Obesity Obesi
Page 25 and 26: Fish Oil, Sucrose and Obesity Figur
Page 27 and 28: Fish Oil, Sucrose and Obesity Table
Page 33 and 34: Fish Oil, Sucrose and Obesity 6. Ma
Page 35 and 36: Carbohydrate source and insulin sec
Page 37 and 38: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Page 39 and 40: 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
Page 41 and 42: 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122
Page 43 and 44: 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168
Page 45 and 46: 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216
Page 47 and 48: 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264
Page 49 and 50: 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310
Page 51: 350 351 FIGURE LEGENDS 352 353 354
Page 55 and 56: 446 447 448 449 450 451 gamma, coac
Page 57 and 58: 484 485 486 TABLE 1. Macronutrient
Page 59 and 60: Energy (kJ/g) 17.16 25.12 25.12 25.
Page 61 and 62: 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569
Page 63 and 64: 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643
Page 65: 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719
Page 74 and 75: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 Although i
Page 76 and 77: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 Figure 2.
Page 78 and 79: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 Figure 4.
Page 80 and 81: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 PLoS ONE |
Page 82 and 83: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 E synthase
Page 84 and 85: Cyclooxygenases and UCP1 29. Granne
Page 86 and 87: JBC Papers in Press. Published on J
Page 88 and 89: hydrolysate (SPH), would be protect
Page 90 and 91: was used as the liver cytosolic fra
Page 92 and 93: In order to demonstrate that bile a
Page 94 and 95: Nutritional regulation of endogenou
Page 96 and 97: in increased whole body energy expe
Page 98 and 99: 38. Kanehisa M, and Goto S. (2000)
Page 100 and 101: FOOTNOTES This work was carried out
Page 102 and 103:
fed the same diets, plus the SPH-di
Page 104 and 105:
Figure 2 A nmol/ min/ mg prot 2,4 1
Page 106 and 107:
Figure 4 A 6 Liver Pparα B 21 Live
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 7 A Plasma ALAT B Liver Ucp2
Page 110 and 111:
Ruzzin et al. investigated the meta
Page 112 and 113:
Ruzzin et al. CD14, and rho kinases
Page 114 and 115:
Ruzzin et al. salmon oil induced a
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