The obesogenic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids are dependent ...
The obesogenic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids are dependent ...
The obesogenic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids are dependent ...
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Figure 4<br />
A<br />
6<br />
Liver Pparα<br />
B<br />
21<br />
Liver mRNA levels<br />
C<br />
2,1<br />
Liver Ppar β/δ<br />
**<br />
D<br />
33<br />
Liver Adrp<br />
**<br />
Ppar α/ Gtf2b<br />
4<br />
2<br />
*<br />
Rel expression<br />
14<br />
7<br />
*<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
Ppar β/δ/ Gtf2b<br />
1,4<br />
0,7<br />
Adrp/ Gtf2b<br />
22<br />
11<br />
0<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
0<br />
Cpt-1a<br />
Acox1<br />
0,0<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
0<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
E<br />
nmol/ mg prot/ min<br />
Liver mit CPT-1<br />
5,1<br />
3,4<br />
1,7<br />
0,0<br />
*<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
F<br />
Acc2/ Gtf2b<br />
0,9<br />
0,6<br />
0,3<br />
0,0<br />
Liver Acc2<br />
**<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
G<br />
% inhibition<br />
CPT-1 inhibition by<br />
malonyl-CoA<br />
0<br />
-15<br />
-30<br />
-45<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
H<br />
mmol/ L<br />
Plasma OH-butyrate<br />
*<br />
1,5<br />
1,0<br />
0,5<br />
0,0<br />
Fasted<br />
Fed<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
I<br />
mg/ tissue<br />
M<br />
Regression coefficient<br />
270<br />
180<br />
90<br />
0<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
-10<br />
Liver TAG<br />
**<br />
SPH<br />
(R 2 =0.92)<br />
Casein<br />
J<br />
Liver Oil red-O<br />
staining<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
Fed plasma metabolomic by NMR<br />
Unassigned peaks<br />
(not in casein)<br />
Tyr<br />
Lipid (unsaturated)<br />
Choline<br />
Creatine<br />
Pyruvate or oxalacetate<br />
K<br />
mmol/ L<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
Plasma TAG<br />
Fasted<br />
*<br />
Lipid (mainly HDL or LDL)<br />
Fed<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
L<br />
Vldlr/ Gtf2b<br />
N<br />
mmol/ L<br />
O<br />
36<br />
24<br />
12<br />
2,4<br />
1,6<br />
0,8<br />
0,0<br />
0,9<br />
0<br />
Liver Vldlr<br />
*<br />
SPH<br />
Fed plasma<br />
cholesterol<br />
Total<br />
HDL<br />
Casein<br />
Fed plasma<br />
cholesterol<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
Downloaded from www.jbc.org by guest, on July 7, 2011<br />
-20<br />
-30<br />
Glycoprotein<br />
Lipid (mainly VLDL)<br />
mmol/ L<br />
0,6<br />
0,3<br />
SPH<br />
Casein<br />
-40<br />
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1<br />
Chemical shift (ppm)<br />
0,0<br />
LDL<br />
HDL/total<br />
P<br />
mg/ tissue<br />
240<br />
160<br />
80<br />
0<br />
Liver TAG<br />
SPH SPH +<br />
c'am<br />
Casein<br />
Q<br />
mmol/ L<br />
Fed plasma TAG<br />
4,8<br />
3,2<br />
1,6<br />
0,0<br />
**<br />
SPH SPH +<br />
c'am<br />
Casein<br />
R<br />
nmol/ mg prot/ min<br />
Liver mit Palm-CoA<br />
oxidation<br />
2,1<br />
1,9<br />
1,7<br />
1,5<br />
SPH SPH +<br />
c'am<br />
Casein<br />
S<br />
mmol/ L<br />
Fed plasma OHbutyrate<br />
0,51<br />
0,34<br />
0,17<br />
0,00<br />
SPH SPH +<br />
c'am<br />
Casein<br />
21
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