proto-southwestern-tai revised: a new reconstruction - seals 22
proto-southwestern-tai revised: a new reconstruction - seals 22
proto-southwestern-tai revised: a new reconstruction - seals 22
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Village Names in Chiang Saen 167<br />
number of lexical elements. It should also be noted that the concepts of two subcategories<br />
of nouns namely “common nouns” and “proper nouns” can be helpful for the description in<br />
this section as shown.<br />
3.1 Names with one lexical element<br />
Nine names con<strong>tai</strong>n only one lexical element. They can be divided into two common<br />
names and six proper names as shown.<br />
Common names<br />
/thûŋ/ ‘field’<br />
/râj/ ‘farm, vegetable garden’<br />
Proper names<br />
/dâaj/ ‘Celosia argentia Linn’<br />
/cɔɔm kìttì/ ‘Jomkitti Temple’<br />
/sǐi dɔɔn muun/ ‘Sridonmoon Temple’<br />
/sǐi bun jɨɨn/ ‘Sribunyuen Temple’<br />
/pàa dɛ̀ɛt/ ‘Paa Daet Village in Chiang Mai Province’<br />
/sǔan dɔ̀ɔk/ ‘Suan Dok Village in Lao’<br />
3.2 Names with two lexical elements<br />
Village names with two lexical elements con<strong>tai</strong>n the first lexical element functioning as<br />
head and the second lexical element functioning as modifier. The head can be common<br />
nouns, proper nouns, adjectives, and conjunction, while the modifier can be common<br />
nouns, proper nouns, adjectives, and prepositions as in the following examples.<br />
Common noun + Proper noun /mɛ̂ɛ kham/ ‘river + Kham River’<br />
Common noun + Common noun /thaan thɔɔŋ/ ‘water + gold’<br />
Common noun + Adjective /dɔɔj ŋaam/ ‘moun<strong>tai</strong>n + beautiful’<br />
Common noun + Preposition /wɨaŋ nɨǎ/ ‘city + north’<br />
Proper noun + Common noun /mɛ̂ɛ kham kasèet/ ‘Mae Kham Village + agriculture’<br />
Proper noun + Adjective /chiaŋ sɛ̌ɛn nɔ́ɔj/ ‘Chiang Saen City + small’<br />
Proper noun + Preposition /sǐi dɔɔn muun nɨǎ/ ‘Sridonmoon village + north’<br />
Adjective + Adjective /khóoŋ ŋaam/ ‘bendwise + beautiful’<br />
Preposition + Common noun /hǔak wáan/ ‘starting point + lake’<br />
It should be noted that names with two lexical elements are most found. It consists<br />
of 56 from the total of 70 names.<br />
3.3 Names with three lexical elements<br />
There are only four names which con<strong>tai</strong>n three lexical elements. The first element is head<br />
while the second and the third elements are modifier. Heads can be either common or<br />
proper noun whereas modifiers might be the combination of two elements in followings: a<br />
common noun, a proper noun, and an action verb as shown.
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