The Exploit: A Theory of Networks - asounder

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Edges 141 If Latour gives us a paradoxically anthropomorphic version of the nonhuman, then Jean - François Lyotard gives us the opposite: the abso - lute limit of the human, a quantum, even cosmic, nonhuman. Lyo - tard prefers the term “inhuman,” but we detect the same debate in his later writings. Lyotard suggests that one does not need to theorize the nonhuman, for a process of “dehumanization” has already been taking place for some time via postmodern technology and postindustrial capitalism. An inhumanity is produced in which all politics is reduced to voting, all culture to fashion, all subjectivity to the stratifications of class, and so on. The only response, he argues, is to discover another kind of inhuman, one that is a “no - man’s land,” one that explores another type of transformation, a transformative transformation (rather than a change that produces the same). “Humanity is only human if people have this ‘no - man’s land.’” 46 By definition, this potential site of resistance cannot be named unless it is discovered. For Lyotard, this is the domain of our contemporary “sublime” in the arts, the very site of discovering that which is beyond representation, that which lies beyond human thought itself. Between these two approaches to the nonhuman, an incorporating and a discorporating one, the nonhuman continues to be negatively defined: the human “minus” something, or “what the human is not.” One always begins from the human and then moves outward. But what of a nonhuman within the human, just as the swarm may emanate from within the network? Or better, what of a nonhuman that traverses the human, that runs through the human? Would this not be the “matter” of the nonhuman? By contrast, the matter of the human is hylomorphic, a set of matters that have their end in a given form, matter - into - form, form as the telos of matter. This is the human view of technology, instrumentality as the ability literally to shape the world. The inverse of this would be a metallomorphic model, of which metallurgy is the privileged example. “Matter and form have never seemed more rigid than in metallurgy; yet the succession of forms tends to be replaced by the form of a continuous development, and the variability of matters tends to be replaced by the matter of a continuous variation.” 47 Melting, forging, quenching, molding—metallurgy
142 Edges operates according to different relations of matter - form. Furthermore, metallurgy, or the idea of un métal pur, has nothing to do with the forging of swords or coins per se. “Not everything is metal, but metal is everywhere.” There is a metallurgy that cuts across all complex matter, a sort of contagion of metallomorphic patterns, recombi na - tions of bits and atoms, a metalmorphosis of living forms that is not less ambivalent for its being metallurgic: “The huge population of viruses, combined with their rapid rates of replication and mutation, makes them the world’s leading source of genetic innovation: they constantly ‘invent’ new genes. And unique genes of viral origin may travel, finding their way into other organisms and contributing to evolutionary change.” 48 The Hypertrophy of Matter (Four Definitions and One Axiom) Definition 1. Immanence describes the process of exorbitance, of desertion, of spreading out. Networks cannot be thought without thinking about immanence (but not all networks are distributed networks). Immanence is not opposed to transcendence but is that which distributes in transcendence. Immanence is formally not different from self - organization. Immanence is ontologically not different from what Spinoza describes as causa sui. Definition 2. Emptiness is an interval. Emptiness is “the space between things,” or what in graph theory is called an edge. Emptiness is the absence of space, as if in itself. Emptiness is always “n1.” It is the pause that constitutes the network. Definition 3. Substance is the continual by - product of the immanence of emptiness. Substance is the effect, not the cause, of networks, akin to what graph theory calls a node. Substance is the point at which monism and pluralism implode. Substance is the indistinction of the one and the many, the production of the nodes that constitute a network. Definition 4. Indistinction is the quality of relations in a network. Indistinction is the “third attribute” never postulated by Spinoza (thought, extension, indistinction). Indistinction is not nondistinc-
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The Exploit
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The Exploit A Theory of Networks Al
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Contents On Reading This Book vii P
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On Reading This Book It is our inte
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Prolegomenon “We’re Tired of Tr
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Prolegomenon 3 opportunities that t
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Prolegomenon 5 centralized armies f
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Prolegomenon 7 the other hand, the
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Prolegomenon 9 Following Foucault,
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Prolegomenon 11 Provisional Respons
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Prolegomenon 13 comes to thinking a
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Prolegomenon 15 grams, where ultima
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Prolegomenon 17 rorism in the same
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Prolegomenon 19 has nothing to do w
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Prolegomenon 21 sovereignty. In the
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PART I Nodes The quest for “unive
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Nodes Discourse surrounding network
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Nodes 27 Benkler, and others, posit
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Nodes 29 cols such as http, FTP, an
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Nodes 31 tify the political fissure
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Nodes 33 From the perspective of gr
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Nodes 35 Indeed, one of the argumen
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Nodes 37 works. Would it be enough
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Nodes 39 and “rule” lies. The n
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Nodes 41 modulating, in flux, alive
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Nodes 43 ning of the data object. F
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Nodes 45 number of top - level name
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Nodes 47 This process may be partia
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Nodes 49 Biotechnologies today have
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Nodes 51 be it in the living cell,
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Nodes 53 DNA computing demonstrates
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Nodes 55 greater the number of insi
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Nodes 57 more accurate or successfu
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Nodes 59 takes on new forms in the
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Nodes 61 and at all scales. Perhaps
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Nodes 63 many current network - bas
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Nodes 65 face because enmity is alw
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Nodes 67 As a concept, swarming der
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Nodes 69 Places where faces shouldn
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Nodes 71 at which “life itself
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Nodes 73 A crucial challenge is to
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Nodes 75 concern is not safety anym
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Nodes 77 is central in the developm
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itself on the side of life, and tur
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Nodes 81 Perhaps what is most instr
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Nodes 83 ever, the language of biol
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Nodes 85 computer’s normal MBR. E
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Nodes 87 amples of computer and bio
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Nodes 89 identify Lyme disease, the
Page 100 and 101: Nodes 91 Web sites, databases, and
Page 102 and 103: Nodes 93 to our bodies, which has t
Page 104 and 105: Nodes 95 True, in extreme cases suc
Page 106 and 107: fects are almost impossible to pred
Page 108 and 109: Nodes 99 guarded condition, it will
Page 110 and 111: Nodes 101 Societies of Control . .
Page 112 and 113: PART II Edges —Well there it is.
Page 114 and 115: Edges The Datum of Cura I Imagine a
Page 116 and 117: Edges 107 In these visions of healt
Page 118 and 119: Edges 109 control it seeks to estab
Page 120 and 121: Edges 111 treatise: Machiavelli’s
Page 122 and 123: Edges 113 Joseph - Marie Jacquard h
Page 124 and 125: Edges 115 but that, in the guise of
Page 126 and 127: Edges 117 tension, duration, and in
Page 128 and 129: Edges 119 abstract, mathematical pr
Page 130 and 131: Edges 121 Consider current developm
Page 132 and 133: Edges 123 simply mean symmetrical c
Page 134 and 135: Edges 125 focuses on code in isolat
Page 136 and 137: Edges 127 player online games, and
Page 138 and 139: Edges 129 role of medicine is to re
Page 140 and 141: Edges 131 of the supernatural, a di
Page 142 and 143: Edges 133 proteins, processes that
Page 144 and 145: Edges 135 muted into quality,” wr
Page 146 and 147: Edges 137 which cannot be cast into
Page 148 and 149: Edges 139 the thing, a particular f
Page 152 and 153: Edges 143 tion. Nondistinction effa
Page 154 and 155: Edges 145 from the technological ve
Page 156 and 157: Edges 147 spellings, grammatical er
Page 158 and 159: Coda: Bits and Atoms Networks are a
Page 160 and 161: Coda 151 robustness that centralize
Page 162 and 163: Coda 153 tributed network form, jus
Page 164 and 165: Coda 155 The point here is not that
Page 166 and 167: Coda 157 ignored, and the network i
Page 168 and 169: Appendix Notes for a Liberated Comp
Page 170 and 171: Appendix 161 infinity palimpsest po
Page 172 and 173: Appendix 163 singular unordered vit
Page 174 and 175: lose DEVICE mutate SEQUENCE narcole
Page 176 and 177: Notes Prolegomenon 1. For more on t
Page 178 and 179: Notes 169 7. Gilles Deleuze, Negoti
Page 180 and 181: Notes 171 clude GM foods, chemical
Page 182 and 183: Notes 173 bodies, the new nondiscip
Page 184 and 185: Notes 175 61. For a popular overvie
Page 186 and 187: Notes 177 22. On December 1, 2003
Page 188 and 189: Notes 179 6. Ibid., 2. 7. Ibid., 20
Page 190 and 191: Electronic Mediations Katherine Hay
Page 192 and 193: Index abandonment, 110- 11, 136 Abu
Page 194 and 195: Index 185 body politic, 109- 11 Boe
Page 196 and 197: Index 187 distributed network. See
Page 198 and 199: Index 189 Health and Human Services
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Index 191 Metzger, Gustav, 108 Mich
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Index 193 poltergeist, 161 populati
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Index 195 TCP/ IP. See Internet pro
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Alexander R. Galloway is assistant
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