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Coda: Bits and Atoms Networks are always exceptional, in the sense that they are always related, however ambiguously, to sovereignty. This ambiguity informs contemporary discussions of networks and the multitude, though in a different fashion. Hardt and Negri, for instance, describe the multitude as a “multiplicity of singularities,” a group that is unified by “the common” but remains heterogeneous in its composition. The multitude is, in their formulation, neither the centralized homogeneity described by Hobbes nor the opposite condition of a purely digressionary chaos. “The concept of the multitude rests on the fact, however, that our political alternatives are not limited to a choice between central leadership and anarchy.” 1 Hardt and Negri find indications of such a multitude in the worldwide demonstrations against the WTO, in the different Latin American peasant revolts, and in the tradition of the Italian “workerism” movement. For them, such examples offer a hint of a type of political organization that resists the poles of either centrist sovereignty or centerless anarchy: 149
150 Coda To understand the concept of the multitude in its most general and abstract form, let us contrast it first with that of the people. The people is one....The people synthesizes or reduces these social dif - ferences into one identity. The multitude, by contrast, is not unified but remains plural and multiple. This is why, according to the domi - nant tradition of political philosophy, the people can rule as a sovereign power and the multitude cannot. The multitude is com - posed of a set of singularities—and by singularity here we mean a social subject whose difference cannot be reduced to sameness, a difference that remains different....The plural singularities of the multitude thus stand in contrast to the undifferentiated unity of the people. 2 These terms—the one and the many, sovereignty and multitude—are at once ultracontemporary and at the same time resolutely historical. Paolo Virno, for instance, notes that such debates have evoked a “new seventeenth century,” in which the face - off between Hobbes and Spinoza comes into the foreground. 3 Virno nuances the opposition between the one and the many and suggests that the contemporary multitude is opposed to the very opposition itself of the one and the many: And it is precisely because of the dissolution of the coupling of these terms, for so long held to be obvious, that one can no longer speak of a people converging into the unity of the state. While one does not wish to sing out - of - tune melodies in the post - modern style (“multiplicity is good, unity is the disaster to beware of ”), it is necessary, however, to recognize that the multitude does not clash with the One; rather, it redefines it. Even the many need a form of unity, of being a One. But here is the point: this unity is no longer the State; rather, it is language, intellect, the communal faculties of the human race. The One is no longer a promise, it is a premise. 4 The multitude has a focus, a direction, but its actions and decisions are highly distributed. The “One” of the multitude is less a transcendent “One,” serving to homogenize a collectivity, and more like an immanent “One” (we would do better to say a “univocity”) that is the very possibility of collective organization. Gone are the days of centralized, uniform mass protests; instead one witnesses highly distributed, tactical modes of dissent that often use high and low forms of technology. The very fact that the multitude is not “One” is its greatest strength; the multitude’s inherently decentralized and even distributed character gives it a flexibility and
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The Exploit
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The Exploit A Theory of Networks Al
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Contents On Reading This Book vii P
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On Reading This Book It is our inte
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Prolegomenon “We’re Tired of Tr
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Prolegomenon 3 opportunities that t
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Prolegomenon 5 centralized armies f
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Prolegomenon 7 the other hand, the
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Prolegomenon 9 Following Foucault,
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Prolegomenon 11 Provisional Respons
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Prolegomenon 13 comes to thinking a
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Prolegomenon 15 grams, where ultima
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Prolegomenon 17 rorism in the same
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Prolegomenon 19 has nothing to do w
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Prolegomenon 21 sovereignty. In the
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PART I Nodes The quest for “unive
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Nodes Discourse surrounding network
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Nodes 27 Benkler, and others, posit
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Nodes 29 cols such as http, FTP, an
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Nodes 31 tify the political fissure
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Nodes 33 From the perspective of gr
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Nodes 35 Indeed, one of the argumen
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Nodes 37 works. Would it be enough
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Nodes 39 and “rule” lies. The n
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Nodes 41 modulating, in flux, alive
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Nodes 43 ning of the data object. F
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Nodes 45 number of top - level name
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Nodes 47 This process may be partia
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Nodes 49 Biotechnologies today have
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Nodes 51 be it in the living cell,
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Nodes 53 DNA computing demonstrates
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Nodes 55 greater the number of insi
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Nodes 57 more accurate or successfu
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Nodes 59 takes on new forms in the
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Nodes 61 and at all scales. Perhaps
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Nodes 63 many current network - bas
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Nodes 65 face because enmity is alw
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Nodes 67 As a concept, swarming der
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Nodes 69 Places where faces shouldn
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Nodes 71 at which “life itself
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Nodes 73 A crucial challenge is to
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Nodes 75 concern is not safety anym
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Nodes 77 is central in the developm
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itself on the side of life, and tur
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Nodes 81 Perhaps what is most instr
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Nodes 83 ever, the language of biol
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Nodes 85 computer’s normal MBR. E
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Nodes 87 amples of computer and bio
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Nodes 89 identify Lyme disease, the
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Nodes 91 Web sites, databases, and
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Nodes 93 to our bodies, which has t
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Nodes 95 True, in extreme cases suc
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fects are almost impossible to pred
Page 108 and 109: Nodes 99 guarded condition, it will
Page 110 and 111: Nodes 101 Societies of Control . .
Page 112 and 113: PART II Edges —Well there it is.
Page 114 and 115: Edges The Datum of Cura I Imagine a
Page 116 and 117: Edges 107 In these visions of healt
Page 118 and 119: Edges 109 control it seeks to estab
Page 120 and 121: Edges 111 treatise: Machiavelli’s
Page 122 and 123: Edges 113 Joseph - Marie Jacquard h
Page 124 and 125: Edges 115 but that, in the guise of
Page 126 and 127: Edges 117 tension, duration, and in
Page 128 and 129: Edges 119 abstract, mathematical pr
Page 130 and 131: Edges 121 Consider current developm
Page 132 and 133: Edges 123 simply mean symmetrical c
Page 134 and 135: Edges 125 focuses on code in isolat
Page 136 and 137: Edges 127 player online games, and
Page 138 and 139: Edges 129 role of medicine is to re
Page 140 and 141: Edges 131 of the supernatural, a di
Page 142 and 143: Edges 133 proteins, processes that
Page 144 and 145: Edges 135 muted into quality,” wr
Page 146 and 147: Edges 137 which cannot be cast into
Page 148 and 149: Edges 139 the thing, a particular f
Page 150 and 151: Edges 141 If Latour gives us a para
Page 152 and 153: Edges 143 tion. Nondistinction effa
Page 154 and 155: Edges 145 from the technological ve
Page 156 and 157: Edges 147 spellings, grammatical er
Page 160 and 161: Coda 151 robustness that centralize
Page 162 and 163: Coda 153 tributed network form, jus
Page 164 and 165: Coda 155 The point here is not that
Page 166 and 167: Coda 157 ignored, and the network i
Page 168 and 169: Appendix Notes for a Liberated Comp
Page 170 and 171: Appendix 161 infinity palimpsest po
Page 172 and 173: Appendix 163 singular unordered vit
Page 174 and 175: lose DEVICE mutate SEQUENCE narcole
Page 176 and 177: Notes Prolegomenon 1. For more on t
Page 178 and 179: Notes 169 7. Gilles Deleuze, Negoti
Page 180 and 181: Notes 171 clude GM foods, chemical
Page 182 and 183: Notes 173 bodies, the new nondiscip
Page 184 and 185: Notes 175 61. For a popular overvie
Page 186 and 187: Notes 177 22. On December 1, 2003
Page 188 and 189: Notes 179 6. Ibid., 2. 7. Ibid., 20
Page 190 and 191: Electronic Mediations Katherine Hay
Page 192 and 193: Index abandonment, 110- 11, 136 Abu
Page 194 and 195: Index 185 body politic, 109- 11 Boe
Page 196 and 197: Index 187 distributed network. See
Page 198 and 199: Index 189 Health and Human Services
Page 200 and 201: Index 191 Metzger, Gustav, 108 Mich
Page 202 and 203: Index 193 poltergeist, 161 populati
Page 204 and 205: Index 195 TCP/ IP. See Internet pro
Page 206: Alexander R. Galloway is assistant
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