Rotorcraft Flying Handbook, FAA-H-8083-21

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A ABORTED TAKEOFF, GYROPLANE 21-1 ACCELERATE/STOP DISTANCE 21-1 AERODYNAMICS 2-1, 3-1, 16-1 autorotation, 3-8 forward flight, 3-5 general, 2-1 gyroplane, 16-1 helicopter, 3-1 hovering flight, 3-1 rearward flight, 3-8 sideward flight, 3-8 turning flight, 3-8 vertical flight, 3-4, 16-1 AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING (ADM) 14-1, 22-1 decision-making process, 14-3 definitions, 14-2 error chain, 14-1 factors affecting decision making, 14-5 hazardous attitudes, 14-6, 22-1 operational pitfalls, 14-8 origin, 14-2 pilot error, 14-1 risk management, 14-4 situational awareness, 14-8 stress management, 14-6 use of resources, 14-6 workload management, 14-7 AGONIC LINE 12-5 AIRCRAFT LIGHTING 13-3 AIRFOIL 2-1 angle of attack, 2-2 camber, 2-2 center of pressure, 2-1 chord line, 2-2 leading edge, 2-2 pitch angle, 2-2 relative wind, 2-2 resultant relative wind, 3-6 rotational relative wind, 3-6 span, 2-1 trailing edge, 2-2 twist, 2-1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR 12-1, 18-4 AIR TAXI 9-9 AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE 6-4 ALTIMETER 12-2, 18-4 ANGLE OF ATTACK 2-2 ANTI-ICING SYSTEMS 5-11 ANTITORQUE PEDALS 4-3 ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE 11-11 ANTITORQUE SYSTEMS 1-2 tail rotor, 1-2 fenestron, 1-2 NOTAR®, 1-2 APPROACHES confined area, 10-7 crosswind, 9-20 night, 13-5 INDEX normal to a hover, 9-19 normal to the surface, 9-20 pinnacle, 10-8 shallow approach, 10-5 steep, 10-4 ARM 7-4 ASYMMETRICAL AIRFOIL 2-1 ATTITUDE INDICATOR 12-3 ATTITUDE INSTRUMENT FLYING 12-1 AUTOKINESIS 13-3 AUTOPILOT 5-10 AUTOROTATION 11-1 aerodynamics, 3-8, 16-1 during instrument flight, 12-19 from a hover, 11-4 power recovery, 11-3 straight-in, 11-2 with turn, 11-3 AXIS OF ROTATION 2-2 B BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT 7-1 BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE 2-3 BLADE coning, 3-2 driven region, 3-9, 16-2 driving region, 3-9, 16-2 feather, 1-1 flap, 1-1, 16-6, 20-1 lead/lag, 1-1 reverse flow, 16-3 stall, 11-10 stall region, 3-9, 16-2 BLOWBACK 3-8 BUNTOVER 21-3 C CARBURETOR 5-7 heat, 5-8 ice, 5-7 CENTER OF GRAVITY 7-2 aft CG, 7-2 forward CG, 7-2 lateral, 7-3, 7-7 CENTER OF PRESSURE 2-1, 16-5 CENTRIFUGAL FORCE 3-2, 3-8 CENTRIPETAL FORCE 3-8 CLUTCH belt drive, 5-4 centrifugal, 5-4 freewheeling unit, 5-4 sprag, 5-4 COANDA EFFECT 1-3 COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 20-1 COLLECTIVE CONTROL, GYROPLANE 17-2 COLLECTIVE PITCH CONTROL 4-1 I-1
COLLECTIVE PITCH/THROTTLE COORDINATION 4-2 COMPASS CORRECTION CARD 12-5 COMPASS DEVIATION 12-5 COMPASS ERRORS 12-4 COMPASS TURNS 12-17 CONFINED AREA OPERATIONS approach, 10-7 takeoff, 10-8 CONING 3-2 CONING ANGLE 18-1 CORIOLIS EFFECT 3-2 CORRELATOR/GOVERNOR 4-2 CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 14-2 CYCLIC CONTROL, GYROPLANE 17-1 CYCLIC PITCH CONTROL 4-2 D DATUM 7-3 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS 14-3 DENSITY ALTITUDE 8-1, 20-5 DIRECT CONTROL 15-2 DISC LOADING 2-4 DISSYMMETRY OF LIFT 3-6, 16-3, 20-1 DIVERSION 11-15 DRAG 2-5 form, 2-5 induced, 2-5 parasite, 2-6 profile, 2-5 rotor, 16-4 skin friction, 2-5 total, 2-6 DUAL ROTOR SYSTEM 1-1 DYNAMIC ROLLOVER 11-7 E EFFECTIVE TRANSLATIONAL LIFT 3-5 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 5-8 EMERGENCIES aborted takeoff, 21-1 approach and landing, 21-3 autorotation, 11-1 buntover, 21-3 dynamic rollover, 11-7 ground resonance, 11-7, 21-3 instrument flight, 12-18 lift-off at low airspeeds and high angles of attack, 21-1 lost procedures, 11-16 low G conditions, 11-10 low rotor r.p.m. and blade stall, 11-10 mast bumping, 11-10 pilot-induced oscillation, 21-2 power pushover, 21-3 retreating blade stall, 11-6 settling with power, 11-5 systems malfunction, 11-11 vortex ring state, 11-5 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 11-16, 21-4 ENGINE reciprocating, 5-1, 18-1 turbine, 5-1 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS 18-3 ENGINE STARTING PROCEDURE 9-2, 20-1 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 5-10 EYE 13-1 cones, 13-1 rods, 13-2 F FALSE HORIZON 13-3 FENESTRON TAIL ROTOR 1-2 FLIGHT AT SLOW AIRSPEEDS 20-12 FLIGHT CONTROLS 1-3, 4-1 antitorque pedals, 4-3 collective pitch, 4-1, 17-2 cyclic pitch, 4-2, 17-1 rudder, 17-2 swash plate assembly, 5-5 throttle, 4-1, 17-1 FLIGHT DIVERSION 11-15 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 12-1 airspeed indicator, 12-1, 18-4 altimeter, 12-2, 18-4 attitude indicator, 12-3 heading indicator, 12-3 magnetic compass, 12-4 turn-indicators, 12-4 vertical speed indicator, 12-2 FLIGHT MANUAL (See rotorcraft flight manual) FORCES IN A TURN 3-8 FOUR FORCES drag, 2-5, 16-4 lift, 2-3, 16-4 thrust, 2-5, 16-4 weight, 2-4 FREEWHEELING UNIT 5-4 FUEL INJECTION 5-8 FUEL SYSTEMS 5-6 FULLY ARTICULATED ROTOR 1-1, 5-4, 18-1 G GO-AROUND 9-20, 20-15 GOVERNOR 4-2 failure, 11-14 GROSS WEIGHT 7-1 GROUND EFFECT 3-3 GROUND HANDLING 18-4 GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVERS 9-14, 20-8 rectangular course, 9-14, 20-8 s-turns, 9-16, 20-10 turns around a point, 9-17, 20-11 GROUND RESONANCE 11-7, 21-3 GYROPLANE components, 15-2 instruments, 18-3 stability, 16-5 types, 15-1 GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS 12-3 attitude indicator, 12-3 heading indicator, 12-3 I-2
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ROTORCRAFT FLYING HANDBOOK 2000 U.S
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HELICOPTER Chapter 1—Introduction
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Technique..........................
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Collision Avoidance at Night.......
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Helicopters come in many sizes and
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Main Rotor Wake Air Jet Downwash Li
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There are four forces acting on a h
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Increased Local Velocity (Decreased
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Load Factor - "G's" 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Once a helicopter leaves the ground
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otation and blade deceleration take
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lift and thrust are greater than we
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Relative Wind Retreating Side Blade
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Bank Angle Vertical Component of Li
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percent of the radius. In the drive
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Note: In this chapter, it is assume
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The rotor disc tilts in the directi
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By knowing the various systems on a
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If the first and second stage turbi
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The horizontal hinge, called the fl
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RECIPROCATING ENGINES Fuel is deliv
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incorporated to prevent excessive v
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depends on the temperature of the o
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Title 14 of the Code of Federal Reg
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l0 5 l5 20 25 30 35 MANIFOLD PRESSU
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It is vital to comply with weight a
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sive forward displacement of cyclic
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Once you are satisfied that the tot
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Basic Empty Weight Pilot Fwd Passen
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Your ability to predict the perform
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Approximate Density Altitude - Thou
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the entire flight operation. Being
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From the previous chapters, it shou
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2. brief passengers on the best way
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VERTICAL TAKEOFF TO A HOVER A verti
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Control pressures and direction of
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HOVER TAXI A "hover taxi" is used w
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3. Assuming an extreme nose-down at
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tain altitude and r.p.m. As the tor
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Start Turn At Boundary Turn More Th
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the helicopter is being crabbed int
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APPROACHES An approach is the trans
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The maneuvers presented in this cha
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TECHNIQUE Refer to figure 10-2. To
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COMMON ERRORS 1. Failing to maintai
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Figure 10-7. Slope takeoff. be cons
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made in the forward portion of the
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Today helicopters are quite reliabl
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After touchdown and after the helic
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HEIGHT ABOVE SURFACE - FEET 500 450
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helicopter, while the relative airf
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When performing slope takeoff and l
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the main rotor blades having an ang
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WEATHERCOCK STABILITY (120-240°) I
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LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS Low freque
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Attitude instrument flying in helic
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ways. If the ram air inlet is clogg
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to true north. Because the aircraft
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AIRCRAFT CONTROL Controlling the he
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vertical speed indicator immediatel
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POWER CONTROL DURING STRAIGHT-AND-
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50 60 70 80 40 TORQUE 90 30 100 20
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to the approximate setting for the
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used, the rate of cross-check must
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AUTOROTATIONS Both straight-ahead a
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{ { Flying at night can be a very p
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White Red Red White Green Red Green
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you are operating off-airport, you
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Aeronautical decision making (ADM)
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THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS An unde
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Night VFR Accident Rate Per 100,000
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STRESSORS Physical Stress—Conditi
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OPERATIONAL PITFALLS Peer Pressure
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January 9th, 1923, marked the first
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Page 158 and 159: subject to pendular action in the s
Page 160 and 161: Due to rudimentary flight control s
Page 162 and 163: Gyroplanes are available in a wide
Page 164 and 165: Figure 18-4. This prerotator uses b
Page 166 and 167: inability to use differential braki
Page 168 and 169: As with most certificated aircraft
Page 170 and 171: 8 TOTAL TAKEOFF DISTANCE TO CLEAR 5
Page 172 and 173: The diversity of gyroplane designs
Page 174 and 175: minimize the length of the ground r
Page 176 and 177: adjust the fuel/air mixture to achi
Page 178 and 179: maximum performance is desired, two
Page 180 and 181: Start Turn At Boundary Turn More Th
Page 182 and 183: Shallowest Bank UPPER HALF OF CIRCL
Page 184 and 185: of failing to monitor and maintain
Page 186 and 187: for the gyroplane. When using the s
Page 188 and 189: Gyroplanes are quite reliable, howe
Page 190 and 191: BUNTOVER (POWER PUSHOVER) As you le
Page 192 and 193: As with any aircraft, the ability t
Page 194 and 195: leaves few places to safely land in
Page 196 and 197: GLOSSARY ABSOLUTE ALTITUDE—The ac
Page 198 and 199: FREE TURBINE—A turboshaft engine
Page 200 and 201: TRANSLATIONAL LIFT—The additional
Page 204 and 205: turn indicators, 12-4 GYROSCOPIC PR
Page 206 and 207: R RAPID DECELERATION 10-3 RECIPROCA
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