Rotorcraft Flying Handbook, FAA-H-8083-21
Rotorcraft Flying Handbook, FAA-H-8083-21
Rotorcraft Flying Handbook, FAA-H-8083-21
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 3<br />
The loading chart used in the sample problems 1 and 2<br />
is designed to graphically calculate the loaded center of<br />
gravity and show whether it is within limits, all on a<br />
single chart. Another type of loading chart calculates<br />
moments for each station. You must then add up these<br />
moments and consult another graph to determine<br />
whether the total is within limits. Although this method<br />
has more steps, the charts are sometimes easier to use.<br />
To begin, record the basic empty weight of the helicopter,<br />
along with its total moment. Remember to use the<br />
actual weight and moment of the helicopter you are flying.<br />
Next, record the weights of the pilot, passengers,<br />
fuel, and baggage on a weight and balance worksheet.<br />
Then, determine the total weight of the helicopter.<br />
Once you have determined the weight to be within prescribed<br />
limits, compute the moment for each weight<br />
and for the loaded helicopter. Do this with a loading<br />
graph provided by the manufacturer. Use figure 7-7 to<br />
determine the moments for a pilot and passenger<br />
weighing 340 pounds and for <strong>21</strong>1 pounds of fuel.<br />
@STA. 83.2.” Go left and read the pilot/passenger<br />
moment (28.3 thousand lb.-inches).<br />
Reduction factors are often used to reduce the size of<br />
large numbers to manageable levels. In figure 7-7, the<br />
scale on the loading graph gives you moments in thousands<br />
of pound-inches. In most cases, when using this<br />
type of chart, you need not be concerned with reduction<br />
factors because the CG/moment envelope chart<br />
normally uses the same reduction factor. [Figure 7-8]<br />
1. Basic Empty Weight..................<br />
2. Pilot and Front Passenger........<br />
3. Fuel...........................................<br />
5. Baggage...................................<br />
Weight<br />
(lbs.)<br />
Moment<br />
(lb.-ins.<br />
/1,000)<br />
1,102 110.8<br />
340<br />
<strong>21</strong>1<br />
28.3<br />
22.9<br />
TOTALS<br />
1,653<br />
162.0<br />
MOMENT (THOUSANDS OF LBS.-IN.)<br />
36<br />
32<br />
28<br />
24<br />
20<br />
16<br />
12<br />
8<br />
4<br />
0<br />
FUEL @ STA. 108.5<br />
PILOT & PASSENGER @ STA. 83.2<br />
100 200 300 400 500<br />
LOAD WEIGHT (LBS)<br />
Figure 7-7. Moments for fuel, pilot, and passenger.<br />
Start at the bottom scale labeled LOAD WEIGHT.<br />
Draw a line from <strong>21</strong>1 pounds up to the line labeled<br />
“FUEL @ STA108.5.” Draw your line to the left to<br />
intersect the MOMENT scale and read the fuel moment<br />
(22.9 thousand lb.-inches). Do the same for the pilot/passenger<br />
moment. Draw a line from a weight of 340<br />
pounds up to the line labeled “PILOT & PASSENGER<br />
LOAD MOMENT/1000<br />
(POUNDS - INCHES)<br />
190<br />
180<br />
170<br />
160<br />
150<br />
140<br />
130<br />
120<br />
110<br />
Aft CG Limit<br />
Station 101.0<br />
100<br />
1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700<br />
Figure 7-8. CG/Moment Chart.<br />
Forward CG Limit<br />
Station 95.0<br />
LOADED WEIGHT (POUND)<br />
After recording the basic empty weight and moment of<br />
the helicopter, and the weight and moment for each<br />
item, total and record all weights and moments. Next,<br />
plot the calculated takeoff weight and moment on the<br />
sample moment envelope graph. Based on a weight of<br />
1,653 pounds and a moment/1,000 of 162 pound-inches,<br />
the helicopter is within the prescribed CG limits.<br />
COMBINATION METHOD<br />
The combination method usually uses the computation<br />
method to determine the moments and center of<br />
gravity. Then, these figures are plotted on a graph to<br />
determine if they intersect within the acceptable envelope.<br />
Figure 7-9 illustrates that with a total weight of<br />
2,399 pounds and a total moment of 225,022 pound-<br />
7-6