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ties that bind - sep 11

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Contents<br />

Acknowledgements 5<br />

Executive Summary 6<br />

Introduction 7<br />

1 Muslims in the World Wars 13<br />

FirstWorldWar 13<br />

Recruiting for war 13<br />

Supporting the troops:The Indian Comfort Fund 21<br />

Fighting spirit and motivation: Sepoys in the trenches 23<br />

Between Caliph and Crown:Turkey enters the war 27<br />

Silk letters: dissent and mutiny 38<br />

Their name liveth forevermore: Remembering the fallen 42<br />

SecondWorldWar 44<br />

Indian Muslims, Congress and the looming war 44<br />

Recruiting for war and military modernisation 46<br />

Conclusion 56<br />

2 British Muslims and Barriers to Entering the Armed Forces 60<br />

Barriers to entry: practical arguments 60<br />

An ‘ummah consciousness’ 60<br />

Loyalty and treason: the debate today 64<br />

‘War on Islam’ 66<br />

Barriers to entry:Theological arguments 69<br />

The Army 69<br />

The Police 72<br />

The Security Service 74<br />

3 Conclusion – Reviving Muslim Service in the Armed Forces 77<br />

Muslim attitudes to the armed forces 78<br />

Fears of racism and discrimination 79<br />

Guarding against infiltration 81<br />

Religious ‘gatekeepers’ 85<br />

Appealing directly to Muslims 89<br />

Reviving the historical record of service 92<br />

Appendices 94<br />

Appendix 1: Citation of Sepoy Ali Haider for aVictoria Cross 94<br />

Appendix 2: Indian Army MuslimVictoria Cross awards 95<br />

during the First World War<br />

policyexchange.org.uk | 3

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