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Contents<br />
Acknowledgements 5<br />
Executive Summary 6<br />
Introduction 7<br />
1 Muslims in the World Wars 13<br />
FirstWorldWar 13<br />
Recruiting for war 13<br />
Supporting the troops:The Indian Comfort Fund 21<br />
Fighting spirit and motivation: Sepoys in the trenches 23<br />
Between Caliph and Crown:Turkey enters the war 27<br />
Silk letters: dissent and mutiny 38<br />
Their name liveth forevermore: Remembering the fallen 42<br />
SecondWorldWar 44<br />
Indian Muslims, Congress and the looming war 44<br />
Recruiting for war and military modernisation 46<br />
Conclusion 56<br />
2 British Muslims and Barriers to Entering the Armed Forces 60<br />
Barriers to entry: practical arguments 60<br />
An ‘ummah consciousness’ 60<br />
Loyalty and treason: the debate today 64<br />
‘War on Islam’ 66<br />
Barriers to entry:Theological arguments 69<br />
The Army 69<br />
The Police 72<br />
The Security Service 74<br />
3 Conclusion – Reviving Muslim Service in the Armed Forces 77<br />
Muslim attitudes to the armed forces 78<br />
Fears of racism and discrimination 79<br />
Guarding against infiltration 81<br />
Religious ‘gatekeepers’ 85<br />
Appealing directly to Muslims 89<br />
Reviving the historical record of service 92<br />
Appendices 94<br />
Appendix 1: Citation of Sepoy Ali Haider for aVictoria Cross 94<br />
Appendix 2: Indian Army MuslimVictoria Cross awards 95<br />
during the First World War<br />
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