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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N2, 2010the same. With more and more national jurisdictionsapplying international human rightslaw as the law of the land, we can expect tosee an increasing acknowledgement of therelevance of human rights norms for judgingthe conduct of NSAs. 56In order to force NSAs to abide by humanrights norms, direct responsibility would haveto be created for NSAs, in addition to establishingdispute settlement and suitable methodsof implementation.1T. Obokata, Smuggling of Human Beings from a Human Rights Perspective:Obligations of Non-State and State Actors under International Human RIghtsLaw, available at: http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/17/2/394 , last visited 6June 2010.2A. Clapham, Non State Actors, Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1339810 , p.1.3The Redress Trust, Not Only the State: Torture by Non-State Actors, TowardsEnhanced Protection, Accountability and Effective Remedies, May 2006, p. 35.4S. Danailov, The Accountability of Non-State Actors for Human Rights Violations:the Special Case of Transnational Corporations, p. 6.5J. Ulimwengu, The Role of Non-State Actors, p. 9.6Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Judgement, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, TrialChamber, 2 September 1998, para 619.7Commentaries on Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Confl icts(AP II), 8 June 1977, para 4463.8Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Supra note 6, para 626.9Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relatingto the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Confl icts, 8 June 1977,Article 1(1).10Commentaries on AP II, Supra Note 7, para 4466.11Caroline Holmqvist, Engaging Armed Non-State Actors in Post-Confl ict Settings,available at: http://www.dcaf.ch/_docs/Yearbook2005/Chapter3.pdf , last visited11 June 2010, p. 48.12Inter-American Commission Second Report on the Situation of Human Rights inColombia, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.84, p 213 (1993).13UN Commission on Human Rights, E/CN/4/1997/3, para 44: Report of the Meetingof Special Rapporteurs/Representatives Experts and Chairpersons of WorkingGroups of the Special Procedures of the Commission on Human Rights and theAdvisory Services Programme, 30 September 1996. Quoted in Zegveld, 38-9.14Secretary-General report on minimum humanitarian standards presented at the53th session of the UN Commission on Human Rights ( E / CN.4 / 1998 / 87).15United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 1216, 21 December 1998, para 5.available at: http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNSCRsn/1998/71.pdf , last visited11 June 2010.16United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 1509, 19 September 2003, para 10.available at: http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Liberia%20SRes1509.pdf , last visited 11June 2010.17J. A. Hessbruegge, Human Rights Violations Arising From Conduct of Non-StateActors, 11 Buff. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 21, 2005, p. 5.18San Jose´ agreement between El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martı´ parala Liberacio´n Nacional (FMLN) signed by both sides on 26 July 1990. UN Doc.A/44/971-S/21541 of 16 August 1990, Annex.19A. Clapham, Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors in Confl ict Situations,International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 88 Number 863 September 2006,p. 493.108