Journal International Law_N2-10.indd

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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N2, 2010uflebaTa darRvevebis did nawilze.~ 47erovnul doneze ganxilul saqme-Tagan aRsaniSnavia sarei rio tintoswinaaRmdeg (Sarei v Rio Tinto Plc) 48 da sudanispresviterianuli eklesia talismanenerji inkorporeiSenis winaaRmdeg(Presbyterian Church of Sudan v TalismanEnergy Inc.) 49 , romlebmac wamoWres, saer-TaSoriso samarTlis Sesabamisad, kerZoseqtorSi dasaqmebuli pirebis pasuxismgeblobissakiTxi; aseve, kerZo seqtorSidasaqmebuli pirebis TanamonawileobissakiTxi im qmedebebisaTvis, romlebicganaxorciela saxelmwifom im teritoriaze,sadac isini saqmianoben. saqmeze– Rio Tinto – aSS-is saapelacio sasamarTlomsrulad gaiTvaliswina mosarCelismier wamoyenebuli faqtebi:`mopasuxe `rio tintom~, wiaRiseulismompovebelma saerTaSori so kompaniam,papua-axali gvineis mTavrobis xelSewyobiTaSkarad ganaxorciela jus cogens-isada saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlisnormebis sxvadasxva saxis darRveva, maTSoris: rasobrivi diskriminacia, garemosaTvisseriozuli zianis miyeneba,omis danaSaulebi da danaSaulebi adamianurobiswinaaRmdeg, ramac seriozuladdaazarala papua-axali gvineis mravalimoqalaqe~ 50Sesabamisad, axal sinamdvileSi arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebi arian daunda iyvnen kidec pasuxismgebelni adamianisuflebebis darRvevebze. adamianisuflebebze pasuxismgeblobis gavrcelebaarasaxelmwifoebriv erTeulebze ga a-umjobesebs im individebis dacvas, romlebicarian sxvadasxva gaerTianebispotenciuri msxverplni, vinaidan `mTavrobebiar arian erTaderTi Zalauflebismatarebelni, romelTac SeuZliaT daar-Rvion adamianis uflebebi. 51E. daskvnawinamdebare statiaSi ganvixileTadamianis uflebaTa samarTlis savaldebuloZala SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebisada mSvidobis dros da SevecadeT,warmogveCina saerTaSoriso samarTlisaxali tendencia, romlis Tanaxmadacarasaxelmwifoebriv erTeulebs undadaekisroT pasuxismgebloba maT mier Cadeniladamianis uflebaTa darRvevebze.Tumca, saboloo jamSi, Tavad arasaxelmwifoebrivmaerTeulebma undagadawyviton, Seasruleben Tu ara adamianisuflebaTa samarTlis normebs.ufro daxvewili jgufebi metad icavenqcevis standartebsa da kodeqsebs,xolo jgufebi, romelTac aqvT ufrobundovani miznebi, naklebi mondomebiTganixilaven standartebs, romlebicmaTi Sexedulebebisagan gansxvavdeba.zog jgufs naTlad dasaxuli politikurimiznebi aqvs (mag.: kolumbiis revoluciuriSeiaraRebuli Zalebi da erovnulganmaTavisuflebeliarmia kolumbiaSi),xolo sxvani avseben dezintegrirebulisaxelmwifos mier Seqmnil politikurvakuums (mag.: somali, avRaneTi). 52zogierTi (ramdenime) avtori miiCnevs:`arasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebiZalian sust mdgomareobaSi arian. maTyvelaze metad aRiareba sWirdebaT. aravinapirebs maT saxelmwifod aRiarebas,miT umetes, rTuli iqneba, gaeros uSiSroebissabWo daarwmuno maT aRiarebaSi,Tumca SesaZloa garkveuli SeTanxmebismiRweva, magaliTad, am jgufebis Sez RuduliaRiareba kombatantebad garkveuliqmedebebis ganxorcielebis sanacvlod.53vinaidan aRiarebas yvelaze didimniSvneloba eniWeba (gansakuTrebiT zogierTiarasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulisaTvis),aseTi dajgufebebi xSirad iyenebenadamianis uflebebis principebsmaTi organizaciis dakanonebisa (legitimizaciis)da saerTaSoriso donezeaRiarebis mizniT. Tu isini moiqceviansaerTaSoriso samarTlis principebisSesabamisad, maSin saxelmwifoebmaSeiZleba aseTi qmedebebi miiCnion rogorcnamdvili subieqtebis mier ganxorcielebulad.54 am mizeziT ufro daufro meti arasaxelmwifoebrivi er-Teuli aRiarebs adamianis uflebebis samarTlissavaldebuloobas.98
n. abramiSvili, arasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis valdebulebebi adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT ...saerTaSoriso samarTlis ukanas k-neli miRwevebi da saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobismcdeloba, arasaxelmwifoebriverTeulebs daekisroT iuridiulivaldebuleba, aris pirveli nabijebi imisdasamtkiceblad, rom adamianis uflebebiaris ara mxolod ideali, aramedrealoba. adamianis uflebebis saerTa-Soriso valdebulebebi SeiZleba daekisrossaxelmwifoebs, individebs da arasaxelmwifoebriverTeulebs. sxvadasxvaiurisdiqciis farglebSi SesaZlebeliaver xerxdebodes am valdebulebebis aRsrulebisuzrunvelyofa, Tumca valdebulebebimainc arsebobs. vinaidan ufroda ufro meti saxelmwifo ganixilavsadamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTals,rogorc Tavis erovnul samar-Tals, mosalodnelia, adamianis ufleba-Ta samarTals ufro xSirad gamoiyenebenarasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis qmedebaTagansasjelad. 55arasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi romvaiZuloT, Seasrulon adamianis uf lebaTanormebi, unda Camoyalibdes maTipirdapiri valdebulebebi da implementaciissaTanado meTodebi, aseve davebismogvarebis procedurebi.1T. Obokata, Smuggling of Human Beings from a Human Rights Perspective:Obligations of Non-State and State Actors underInternational Human RIghts Law,xelmisawvdomia: http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/17/2/394, gadmotvir-Tulia 2010 wlis 6 ivniss.2A. Clapham, Non State Actors, xelmisawvdomia: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1339810 , gv. 1.3The Redress Trust, Not Only the State: Torture by Non-State Actors, TowardsEnhanced Protection, Accountability and Effective Remedies, May 2006, gv. 35.4S. Danailov, The Accountability of Non-State Actors for Human Rights Violations:the Special Case of Transnational Corporations, gv. 6.5J. Ulimwengu, The Role of Non-State Actors, gv. 9.6Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Judgement, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, TrialChamber, 2 September 1998, $619.7Commentaries on Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Confl icts(AP II), 8 June 1977, paragrafi 4463.8ix. sqolio 6, p. 626.9Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relatingto the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Confl icts, 8 June 1977,1-li(1)muxli10ix. sqolio 7, p. 4466.11Caroline Holmqvist, Engaging Armed Non-State Actors in Post-Confl ict Settings,xelmisawvdomia: http://www.dcaf.ch/_docs/Yearbook2005/Chapter3.pdf , boloviziti ganxorcielda 2010 wlis 11 ivniss, gv. 48.12Inter-American Commission Second Report on the Situation of Human Rights inColombia, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.84, p 213 (1993).13UN Commission on Human Rights, E/CN/4/1997/3, para 44: Report of the Meetingof Special Rapporteurs/Representatives Experts and Chairpersons of WorkingGroups of the Special Procedures of the Commission on Human Rights and theAdvisory Services Programme, 30 September 1996. citirebulia: zegveld-Si, gv. 38-9.14generaluri mdivnis angariSi minimaluri humanitaruli standartebisSesaxeb, romelic wardgenil iqna gaeros adamianis uflebebis komisiis53-e sesiaze ( E / CN.4 / 1998 / 87).15United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 1216, 21 December 1998, me-5 punqti.xelmisawvdomia: http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNSCRsn/1998/71.pdf ,bolo viziti ganxorcielda 2010 wlis 11 ivniss.99
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