Journal International Law_N2-10.indd

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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, <strong>N2</strong>, 2010Tva lsazrisiT, amgvari xasiaTis „gadarCenismisiebi“ SeiZleba advilad iqnesufro farTo ganzraxviT SeWris sababadgamoyenebuli.a) SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmasaxelmwifom kanonierad rom gamoiyenosTavdacvis ufleba, aucilebelia,saxeze iyos SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma.saqme swored rom esaa, ra SeiZleba moiazrebodesda ganixilebodes rogorcSeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma? ra qmedebebs,ra kriteriumebs unda moicavdes sxvasaxelmwifos qmedeba, rom es Sefasebuliqnes SeiaraRebul Tavdasxmad?wesdebis 51-e muxlSi aRniSnulia,rom Tavdacva dasaSvebia mxolod SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmis sapasuxod. SeiaraRebuliTavdasxmis yvelaze tipurivariantia erTi saxelmwifos regularulijaris mier meore saxelmwifossa xmeleTo, sazRvao an sahaero teritoriazeganxorcielebuli Tavdasxma.SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma scildeba regularuliSeiaraRebuli Zalebis cnebas;is agreTve moicavs SeiaraRebulbandebs, araregularul da daqiravebulrazmebs. SeiaraRebuli Tavdacviscneba amosavali iyo saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosgadawyvetilebaSi nikaraguissaqmeze koleqtiuri Tavdacvis Sesaxeb. 26saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom agresiisdefiniciis ganmartebis daxmarebiT ganmartaSeiraRebuli Tavdasxma saerTaSorisoCveulebiT samarTalSi. nikaraguissaqmesTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlomdaadgina, rom SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmaunda iqnes gagebuli rogorc „saxelmwifosmier an misi saxeliT meore saxelmwifosteritoriaze SeiaraRebuli bandebis,araregularuli an daqiravebulirazmebis gagzavnac, Tu aseTi operacia,Tavisi masStabidan da efeqtidan gamomdinare,inter alia, CaiTvleba regularuliSeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier ganxorcielebulSeiaraRebul Tavdasxmad.~ 27magram sasamarTlom agreTve dasZina,rom ajanyebulTa mxardaWera, iqneba esiaraRis miwodebiT Tu raime sxva saxiT,ar aris SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma. 28 dRessaxelmwifoebi aRar ewinaaRmdegebianim azrs, rom araregularuli Zalebismier Cadenili qmedebebi SeiZleba Cai-T va los SeiaraRebul Tavdasxmad. winaaRmdegobrioba koncentrirebulia saxelmwifosCarevis doneze, rac saWiroaimisTvis, rom konkretul SemTxvevaSiSesaZlebeli iyos qmedebis saxelmwifosTandakavSireba da Tavdacvis gamar-Tleba. SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmis koncefcia, romelic SeiaraRebuli bandebis Semadgenlobasac moicavs, saxelmwifos CarTulobis mniSvnelovanxarisxs saWiroebs, magram 2001 wlis 11seqtembers msoflio savaWro cen trsada pentagonze ganxorcielebulma teroristulmaSetevebma sakamaTod gaafarTova SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmiscne ba da moicva teroristuli organizaciebis mier ganxorcielebuli Tavdasxmebic. uSiSroebis sabWom teroris tuli Tavdasxmebi daaxasiaTa araro gorc „SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmebi“,aramed rogorc „mSvidobisaTvis saSiSi“,magram amavdroulad 1358 da 1373 rezoluciebispreambulebSi uSiSroebis sab-Wom Tavdacvis ufleba daadastura. 29 esimas niSnavs, rom moxda nagulisxmevaddaTanxmeba faqtze, romlis mixedviT,amerikis SeerTebul Statebze ganxorcielebuliteroristuli Setevebi iyoSeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmebi, magram gaurkvevelirCeba al-qaidas teroristulsaqmianobaSi avRaneTis monawileobiszusti arsi da xasiaTi. 30b) aucilebloba da proporciulobaSeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmebis dawyebisSemTxvevaSi, dazaralebul saxelmwifosSeuZlia, Zalis gamoyenebiTve upasuxosTavdacvis mizniT, magram saerTaSorisoCveulebiTi samarTali garkveul moTxovnebsadgens Tavdacvis SemTxvevaSi– rogorc individualuri, aseve koleqtiuriTavdacvis dros. karolinis doqtrinisstandartidan ganviTarda moTxovnebi,rom Tavdacva unda iyos aucilebelida proporciuli. aucileblobada proporciuloba Tavdacvis uflebisgamoyenebis amosavali wertilebia.38
z. sanikiZe, Tavdacvis, rogorc Zalis gamoyenebis kanonieri uflebis, ganmartebis problemebiyuradReba unda mieqces sapasuxo zomebisaucileblobas da proporciulobas,ar unda moxdes udanaSaulo samoqalaqomosaxleobis uflebaTa Selaxva erTisaxelmwifos mier Tavdacvis uflebisprincipze dayrdnobiT. saerTaSorisosasamarTlom daadastura maTi arsebobanikaraguis saqmeSi, 31 navTobis platformebissaqmeSi 32 da sakonsultaciodaskvnaSi birTvuli iaraRebis Sesaxeb. 33aucilebloba niSnavs, rom ar arsebobsZalis gamoyenebis alternativa –magaliTad diplomatiuri saSualebebiamowurulia an ekonomikuri zomebismiReba amaoa. 34proporciulobad, Cveulebriv, iTvlebaurTierTdamokidebuleba ara mxolodSeiaraRebul Tavdasxmasa da TavdacvismizniT Zalis gamoyenebas Soris,aramed Tavdacvis mizniT Zalis gamoyenebasada mis mizans Soris. 35es moTxovnebi ar aris mocemuligaeros wesdebaSi, magram saerTaSori soCveulebiTi samarTlis nawilia. aucileblobada proporciuloba niSnavs,rom Tavdacva ar unda iyos samagierosmimzRveli da sadamsjelo; misi mizaniunda iyos Setevis SeCereba da mtrisieriSebis mogerieba. Zalis Carevas undamohyves situaciis gaumjobeseba da arapiriqiT, gauareseba. calsaxaa, rom Zalisgamoyenebam ar unda gamoiwvios imazeufro mZime Sedegi, vidre misi gamou ye neblobis SemTxvevaSi dadgebo da.aucileblobisa da proporciulobissa kiTxebi saxelmwifoebs exmareba ukanonorepresaliebis kanonieri Tav dacvisagan garCevaSi. aucilebloba daproporciuloba mTavari faqtoria, agreTve,Tavdacvis saxeliT moqmedi saxelmwifoebismier teritoriebis xangrZlividrois ganmavlobaSi okupaciisuaryofisaTvis. Zalis gamoyeneba ar undagascdes im farglebs, rac iyo miznis misaRwevadaucilebeli da proporciuli.CveulebiTi samarTlis es moT xovnebidaadastura sasamarTlom nikaraguissaq meSi, 36 navTobis platformebis saqme-Si 37 da sakonsultacio daskvnaSi birTvuliiaraRebis Sesaxeb. 38yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvalis winebiTSevecdebiT ganvixiloT 2008 wlisagvistoSi ruseTis mier saqarTveloswinaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli agresia.2008 wlis 8 agvistos ruseTis federaciismxridan SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma ganxorcieldasaqarTveloze. daibomba e.w.samxreT oseTis (cxinvalis regioni) mimdebareteritoriebi, kerZod, qalaqebi:gori da qareli, agreTve axlomdebaresoflebi. Cven SevecdebiT, kidev erTxeldavamtkicoT, rom ruseTis federaciiszemoxsenebuli qmedebebi arRvevsgaeros wesdebis me-2 muxlis me-4 punqtiTgaTvaliswinebul Zalis gamoyenebisakr Zalvas. ufro metic, am moqmedebebisgamarTleba ar SeiZleba Tavdacvisuflebis sababiT, saerTaSoriso sama r-Tlis arc saxelSekrulebo da arc CveulebiTisamarTlis wesebis CarCoebSi.rogorc zemoT ukve aRiniSna, 51-e muxliTgaTvaliswinebuli Tavdacvis uflebavrce ldeba im SemTxvevebze, rodesacsa xezea erTi saxelmwifos miermeore saxelmwifoze ganxorcielebuli„SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma“, xolo incidentebie.w. samxreT oseTis regionSi,romelic saqarTvelos ganuyofeli nawiliada aseTad aRiarebulia saerTa-Soriso Tanamegobrobis mier, ar iyosaqarTvelos mxridan ruseTis federaciazeganxorcielebuli „SeiaraRebuliTavdasxma”. agreTve unda aRiniSnosisic, rom ruseTis federaciis samxedroqmedeba ar akmayofilebs aucileblobisada proporciulobis moTxovnebs– sakiTxis gadasaWrelad arsebobdasxva diplomatiuri saSualebebic; samxedromoqmedebebma daaziana mTlianadsaqarTvelos teritoria, maT Soris,samoqalaqo pirebi da samoqalaqo daniSnulebisobieqtebic. samoqalaqo pirebsada samoqalaqo daniSnulebis obieqtebzeTavdasxma ki saerTaSoriso humanitarulisamarTlis darRvevaa, kerZod,fundamenturi principis – gansxvavebisprincipis – darRveva. 39 saqarTvelosmxridan Zalis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiTki sapirispirod SeiZleba iTqvas: issavsebiT akmayofilebda aucileblobisa39
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