Journal International Law_N2-10.indd

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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, <strong>N2</strong>, 2010wevr saxelmwifoebs minimaluri standartebisdadgenisas, erTiani evropuliTavSesafris sistemis konteqstSi. e.w.kvalifikaciis direqtivis (Qualifi cationDirective) miRebis dros ministrTa sab-Wos iuridiulma samsaxurma scada ganesazRvrada iuridiuli mniSvnelobamieniWebina `minimaluri standartebisaTvis~da gadawyda, rom standartebisganviTarebis sakiTxi wevri saxelmwifosaTvisdaeTmoT. iuridiuli samsaxuridaeyrdno Semdeg mosazrebas, romwevri saxelmwifoebi uflebamosilniarian, moaxdinon im sakiTxebis unifikacia,romlebic ar xvdebian direqtiviTgansazRvrul sakiTxebs Soris, TumcaTEC-is me-10 muxlis winapirobaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,romelic zRudavs wevrsaxelmwifoebs iseTi kanonmdeblobisSeqmnaSi, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba Se-Tanxmebis suliskveTebasa da mizans.iuridiuli samsaxuris mosazrebis Sesabamisad,wevrma saxelmwifoebma Taviunda Seikavon iseTi kanonebis miRebisgan,romlebic direqtivis miznebs calsaxadscildeba. Tumca terminma `minimaluristandartebi~ mainc moipova farTo interpretacia.xsenebulma samsaxurmamiuTiTa, rom harmonizaciis procesSiSesaZloa, gaTvaliswinebul iqnes ufrometi dacvis standartebi, Tumca aranaklebi.agreTve gamoiTqva mosazreba, romnebismieri Sidasakanonmdeblo gadaxvevakvalifikaciis direqtivasTan mimarTebiT,misi sawinaaRmdego ganviTareba, aRqmuliiqneboda rogorc harmonizaciis,unifikaciis procesis sawinaaRmdegoqmedeba. 54 am interpretaciis mTavariazri iyo is, rom arasavaldebulo gamonaklisiim pirTa dasacavad, romlebicimyofebodnen riskjgufSi, iyo kanonierida samarTliani.direqtivis samizne jgufSi ar moiazrebianis pirebi, romlebic vis-à-vis xvdebiandacul pirTa wreSi, wevri saxelmwifoebissaerTaSoriso valdebulebidangamomdinare. problemuria sakiTxiagreTve Semdeg SemTxvevaSi, aris Tuara evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis dar-Rveva wevri saxelmwifos gadawyvetileba,mianiWos pirs statusi an miscesTavSesafari, saerTaSorisod aRebulivaldebulebidan gamomdinare.ECJ, albaT, momavalSi gamoxatavssakuTar mosazrebas am sakiTxzec, Tumcamanamde unda daveyrdnoT mis sxva ganmartebasda logikuri daskvna gavake-ToT, rom saerTo interesidan gamomdinareufleba yovelTvis ar aris absoluturiprerogativa da igi SeiZlebaSeizRudos swored saerTo interesebisgamo, magram es SezRudva ar unda gavrceldesaraproporciulad da mizan-Seuwonlad. 55 rogorc zemoT vaxseneT,63-e muxlis 1-l punqtSi moxseniebulsaerTaSoriso xasiaTis dokumentebzedayrdnobiT unda moxdes TavSesafrismaZiebeli piris subsidiuri dacva samive– evrokavSiris, wevri saxelmwifos Sidakanonmdeblobisa da saerTaSoriso valdebulebaTa– Sesabamisad.valdebulebaTa konfliqtis Sem-Txve vaSi, wevri saxelmwifo izRudebaTa visi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiTTu SeTanxmebiT evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobisimplementaciisas. rogorcadamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlomganmarta saqmeze – T.I. v theUnited Kingdom: `iqidan gamomdinare, romsaxelmwifoebma daaarses saerTaSorisoorganizaciebi, an mutatis mutandis gawevriandnensaerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebSi,qmedebaTa erTianoba aucilebeliaadamianis uflebaTa dacvis miznebisaTvis.Seusabamoba konvenciis mizansada obieqts Soris saxelmwifos aTavisuflebspasuxismgeblobisagan im qmedebebTanmimarTebiT, romlebic unda gatardesuflebis dasacavad~. 56rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan Cans,qmedebis ganuxorcielebloba wevrisaxelmwifos mxridan, an dayrdnoba evrokavSiriskanonmdeblobaze, an sxvasakiTxTan dakavSirebul SeTanxmebasaTu xelSekrulebaze ar SeiZleba ganxiluliqnes evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobisgamoyenebis SezRudvis saSualebad.68
i. abaSiZe, ltolvilTa dacva erTiani evropuli TavSesafris sistemis pirobebSi. Sesabamisoba...5. erTiani evropuli TavSesafrissistemis Seqmna – wevrisaxelmwifoebis SesaZlebloba,Seusabamon valdebulebebiltolvilTa saerTaSoriso daadamianis uflebaTa samarTals?rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, evrokav-Siri ayalibebs Tavis Sida TavSesafriserTian sistemas, sadac evrokavSirisSida sazRvrebi transformirebuliakvaziiurisdiqciad. anu mopyro baltolvilebisadmi sxvadasxva SemTx vevaSierTdroulad iwvevs wevri saxelmwifoebisindividualur pasuxismgeblobasmaTi saerTaSoriso valdebulebebisaTvis,ltolvilTa da adamianis uflebaTasaerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT.saukeTeso magaliTi am SemTxvevaSiiqneboda e.w. dublinis II regulacia. esinstrumenti pasuxismgeblobis gasanawilebladayalibebs meqanizms wevrsaxelmwifoTaTvis TavSesafarze gake-Tebuli ganacxadis Taobaze. aRniSnulisistema novaciaa evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobaSi.is, rom mxolod erTi saxelmwifoiyos pasuxismgebeli yvela ganacxadismiRebaze, pirvelad aisaxa `SengenisSeTanxmebaSi~ 57 da Semdeg inkorporirebuliqna `Sengenis konvenciaSi;~ 58 SemdgomSi msgavsi debuleba gadataniliq na dublinis konvenciaSi, 59 sadac igiTavisTavad gadmotanil iqna dublinisregulaciidan. 60 sistemis nakli ga mo -ixateba imiT, rom wevri saxelmwifoebiarasworad ganmartaven Jenevis ko n-vencias. 1999 wels evrokomisiam Tav SekavebuladmiuTiTa: `fundamenturadgansxvavebulia mizani regulaciisa.sis tema unda isaxavdes miznad, wevrisaxelmwifo ar iyos pasuxismgebeli pirisyofnaze kavSiris teritoriaze,xolo Semdgom misi TavSesafris moTxovnisgancxadebaze~. 61 komisia ufro Sorsacwavida da ganmarta, rom pasuxismgeblobaim saxelmwifoSi dadgeboda, romelSicpirvelad ganxorcieldebodaTavSesafarze ganacxadi. 62sistemis uunarobidan gamomdinare,ganaxorcielos dasaxuli miznebi, sadavoxdeba agreTve wevri saxelmwifoebisprezumfcia, rom isini arian usafrTxoqveynebi ltolvilebisaTvis. pasuxismgeblobisgadanawilebis Tvalsazri siT,TavSesafarze ganxorcielebul ganacxadebTandakavSirebiT, Sidaevropulisistema dafuZnebulia xedvaze, romyvela evropuli saxelmwifo aris usafrTxoltolvilebisaTvis da es mimarTebacalsaxad iwvevs statusis mqone piriskanonier gadaadgilebas mTeli evrokav-Siris teritoriaze, TavSesafris miRebismoTxovnis gareSe.ra awesebs `usafrTxoebas~, pasuxismgeblobisgadanawilebis Tvalsa z-risiT, ltolvilebTan mimarTebiT, jerjerobiTar aris gansazRvruli. usafrTxoebaxSirad ganixileba rogorc nonrefoulement-is principidan gamomdinaresakiTxi daniSnulebis saxelmwifosTanmimarTebiT, rac ukavSirdeba dublinisregulacias, romelic, Tavis mxriv,acxadebs: `wevri saxelmwifoebi, yvelamaTgani, pativs scems non refoulementisprincips. isini mowodebulni arian,iyvnen usafrTxo qveynebi mesame qveynismcxovrebTaTvis~. 63 am SexedulebiT,regulacia gamoirCeva imiT, rom nacionalur64 da adamianis uflebaTa evropulsasamarTlos 65 araorazrovani ganmartebebiaqvT gakeTebuli, sadac ltolvilTasakiTxebze pasuxismgeblobis gadacemismomentSi dasaxelebuli SemTxvevis winarerekvizitad gaTvaliswinebulia faqtiskanonTan Sesabamisoba.dublinis sistemis implementaciakonkludenturad aRiarebs wevr saxelmwifoTa gadawyvetilebebs uarisTqmis Sesaxeb (Tumca faqtia, sistemisTvalsazrisiT, gaTvaliswinebulia Tav-Se safris Sesaxeb evrokavSiris teritoriazemxolod erTxel gancxadebisSesaZlebloba), romelic ar aris e.w.`sarkis efeqtis~ mqone konkludenturiaRiareba. Sida evropuli TavSesafrissistema isea mowyobili, rom TavSesafrissakiTxebze pasuxismgebeli xdeba mxoloderTi wevri qveyana, magram Tuki69
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