Journal International Law_N2-10.indd

saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, N2, 20101. gadaxvevis cneba da misi adgiliadamianis uflebaTa samarTalSi1948 wels adamianis uflebaTa universalurideklaraciis miRebis SemdgomSeuqcevadi gaxda individis [adamianis],rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqtis,samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis cvlileba.mniSvne lov nad gaumjobesda individismdgoma reoba saerTaSoriso samarTalsada adamianis uflebaTa samar-TalSi. cnobilia, rom tradiciuli midgomaindividis mimarT da misi uflebebiserovnebasTan mibma arcTu ise dadebiTadmoqmedebs pirovnebis mdgomareobaze. 2mogvianebiT, sxvadasxva samarTlebrivsistemaSi miRebul iqna mTeli rigi saer-TaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa adamianisuflebaTa dacvis sferoSi 3 , ramac adamianisuflebaTa samarTali gaxada erT-er-Ti umniSvnelovanesi, Zlieri da swrafadganviTarebadi sa erTaSoriso samarTlisdargi. am Se Tanxmebebis xelmoweriTa daratifi cirebiT saxelmwifoebi valdebulebasiReben, pativi scen, Seasrulon,daicvan da uzrunvelyon xelSekrulebebiTgaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi daTavisuflebebi. 4saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da ad a -mianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb saerTaSo risoxelSekrulebebis mixedviT, mo na wilesa xelmwifoebs ufleba aqvT, garkveulSemTxvevebSi Tavi aaridon xelSekrulebebiTnakisr zogierT va l debulebas. 5amgvari qmedeba aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisuflebaa, mas SeuZlia, SezRudosan garkveuli droiT SeaCeros zogierTiuflebis moqmedeba omis an stiqiuri ubedurebebisdros. 6 es aris saxelmwifoebissuverenuli ufleba, uzrunvelyonmSvidoba da wesrigi sagangebo viTarebisdros da aseve daicvan individis uflebebisaxelmwifos Carevisagan. 7 profesorinovaki saxelmwifos sagangebo mdgomareobisgamocxadebis konstituciuruflebas adarebs sisxlis samarTalSiarsebul piris Tavdacvis uflebas. 8adamianis uflebebis samarTlis Teoriada praqtika icnobs ramdenime me-Tods, romelTa meSveobiTac saxelmwifoebsSeuZliaT Seasrulon adamianisuflebaTa Sesaxeb xelSekrulebebiT nakisrivaldebulebebi, amasTan, momzadebulniSexvdnen qveyanaSi sagangebo dagarTulebul viTarebas. esenia: xel-Sekrulebis denonsacia, daTqmebi da ganmartebiTideklaraciebi, e.w. „clawback”-debulebebi 9 da gadaxveva. 10 winamdebarenaSromi, ZiriTadad, Seexeba gadaxvevisarssa da mis rols adamianis uflebaTadacvis instrumentebis, gansakuTrebiTki ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuliuflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis(ICESCR) mixedviT.unda aRiniSnos, rom gadaxvevis meqanizmisgamoyeneba iwvevs dapi ri s pi -rebas ara saxelmwifosa da piris uflebebsada Tavisuflebebs, aramed pirovnebasada mTeli sazogadoebis interesebsSoris. 11 aRniSnulis Se fasebasaxdens saxelmwifo, vinaidan gansakuTrebulSemTxvevebSi, ro g o rebicaa omida sagangebo mdgoma re oba, saxelmwifoebsar ZaluZT, sru lad SeasrulonsaerTaSoriso xe l SekrulebebiT nakisrivaldebule bebi. Sesabamisad, gadaxvevisdebulebebi gansakuTrebul Sem-TxvevebSi zogi er Ti valdebulebis Se-Cerebis an darRvevis saSualebas iZleva,maSin, rodesac sxva SemTxvevaSisa xelmwifo pasuxismgebeli iqnebodaam gvar qmedebebze 12 . amiT saxelmwifoebseZlevaT SesaZlebloba, SeinarCunonbalansi adamianis uflebebis dacvasada saerTo sikeTisaTvis sakuTari sazogadofunqciebis Sesrulebas Soris. 13gadaxvevis ufleba uzrunvelyofiliaadamianis uflebaTa xelSekrulebebisumravlesobiT, maT Soris samoqalaqoda politikur uflebaTa saerTaSorisopaqtiT, 14 adamianis uflebaTa amerikulikonvenciiT 15 da adamianis uflebaTa daZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropulikonvenciiT. 16gadaxvevis uflebis gamoyenebas TandakavSirebuli yvelaze mniSvne lovaniproblemaa misi araswori ga moyeneba. arsebobsSemTxvevebi, rodesac saxelmwifoebisagangebo an sxvagvar mdgomareobasiyeneben sakuTari interesebisaTvis112