Journal International Law_N2-10.indd

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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, <strong>N2</strong>, 2010lebloba vinmes, rom misi teritoriagamoyenebul iqnes sxva saxelmwifosin teresebis sawinaaRmdegod~ 33 . zianisprevenciis zogadi principi aseve gamoyenebuliaadamianis uflebebis saerTaSorisosamarTalSi. Tu saxelmwifo ver gaatarebsSesabamis RonisZiebebs da konkretulipirebi, miuxedavad amisa, gamoiwvevenzians, es qmedebebi ar Seeracxebasaxelmwifos, Tumca mas daekisrebapa suxismgebloba am qmedebebis prevenciisRonisZiebebis ganuxorcieleblobisgamo. am statiis nawili ganixilavsCveulebiTi samarTals, raTa ganisazRvrosvaldebulebebis keTilsindisieradSesrulebis movaleobis aspeqtebida keTilgonierebis farglebSi daculiqnes adamianis uflebebi arasaxelmwifoebriverTeulTa qmedebebisagan.valdebulebis keTilsindisieradSesrulebis (due diligence) standartiCamoyalibda saerTaSoriso samarTalSi,rac niSnavs saxelmwifos valdebulebas,Tavidan aicilos, gamoiZios, dasajosda uzrunvelyos dacvis saSualebebiZaladobis aqtebTan mimarTebiT, miuxedavadimisa, isini Caidina kerZo Tu sajaropirma. 34 saerTaSoriso samarTlis aRniSnuliprincipi, romelic aseve ganamtkicaTeiranis mZevalTa saqmeze gadawyvetilebam,iTvaliswinebs: Tu saerTaSorisosamarTlis norma akisrebs valdebulebiskeTilsindisierad Sesrulebismovaleobas, individTa qmedeba aZlierebssaxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobas, rodesacxelisuflebis organoebs (a) hqondaTinformacia maTi mxridan qmedebisaucileblobis Taobaze, (b) am movaleobisSesrulebis saSualeba hqondaT da(g) ar gamoiyenes TavianT xelT arsebulisaSualebebi. 35genocidis saqmeze marTlmsajulebissaerTaSoriso sasamarTlom daadginaSemdegi:`raTa davadginoT, rom saxelmwifomdaarRvia prevenciis valdebu leba,ar aris aucilebeli, davadgi noT,rom saxelmwifos hqonda Za la ufleba,Tavidan aecilebina genocidi; sakmarisiaimis dadgena, rom mas hqonda saSualeba,ase moqceuliyo, Tumca aSkaradTavi Seikava maTi gamoyenebisagan~. 36sainvesticio davebis saerTaSorisocentrma (SemdgomSi – ICSID) asevega nixila saxelmwifoTa mier valdebulebiskeTilsindisierad SesrulebissakiTxi da Sps aziis sasoflo-sameurneopro duqtebis Sri-lankis respublikiswinaaRmdeg saqmeze ganacxada Semdegi:`maspinZeli saxelmwifos mier sa Tanadodacvis uzrunvelyofa aris upirvelesimovaleoba, romlis Se usruleblobaiwvevs saerTaSoriso pasuxismgeblobas.ufro metic, arsebobs saxelmwifoTaeqstensiuri da Tanamimdevruli praqtika,romelic iTvaliswinebs valdebulebiske Ti l sindisierad Sesrulebismova le obas~. 37eriTrea-eTiopiis pretenziebis komisiampirvel gadawyvetilebaSi ganacxada:`marTalia, komisias ar gaaCnia mtkicebuleba,rom eTiopia axali seb da Tavisjariskacebs, abuCad aeg doT samxedrotyveebi, gardauvlad migvaCnia davaskvnaT:eTiopiam ver ganaxorciela saer-TaSoriso samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuliefeqtiani Ronis Ziebebi, raTa Tavidanaeci lebina aseTi mopyroba. Sesabamisad,eTiopia pasuxismgebelia aseTi umoqmedobisgamo~. 38adamianis uflebebis samarTliTgaTvaliswinebuli dacvis, xelSewyobisada Sesrulebis pozitiuri valdebulebaaseve iTvaliswinebs keTilsindisieriqcevis movaleobas; Tumca valdebulebebiskeTilsindisierad Sesrulebis movaleobasTandakavSirebuli diskusiebiufro farTo speqtrs moicavs, vidresaxelmwifoTa mier saerTaSoriso samarTalTanmxolod srul Sesabamisobas;aseTia, magaliTad, arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebis qmedebebze pasuxismgebloba.39 adamianis uflebebTan dakav-SirebiT valdebulebaTa keTilsindisieradSesrulebis movaleobis sakiTxiaseve ganixila adamianis uflebebis interamerikulmasasamarTlom velaskesrodrigesis saqmeSi:96
n. abramiSvili, arasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis valdebulebebi adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT ...`ukanono qmedebam, romelic ar-Rvevs adamianis uflebebs da uSualodar SeiZleba Seeracxos saxelmwifos,SeiZleba, gamoiwvios saxelmwifos saer-TaSoriso valdebuleba ara Tavad qmedebisgamo, aramed imitom, rom valdebuleba,Tavidan aecilebina an reagirebamoexdina darRvevaze, ar SesruldakeTilsindisierad, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebskonvencia.~ 40adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlomgamoiyena valdebulebis ke-Tilsindisierad Sesrulebis movaleobisgansxvavebuli standarti saqmezeosmani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg(1998) da am sasamarTlos precedentulisamarTali arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebis mier adamianis uflebaTadarRvevebze, saxelmwifoTa valdebulebebTandakavSirebiT, swored am mimarTulebiT ganviTarda. 41rogorc yovelive zemoaRniSnulinaTlad adasturebs, arsebobs valdebulebaTakeTilsindisierad Sesrulebispo zi tiuri movaleoba, rac gulisxmobs,rom saxelmwifoebma unda ganaxorcielonyvela aucilebeli RonisZieba,raTa Ta vidan aicilon arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebis mier adamianis uflebebisdarRveva da uzrunvelyon sa-Tanado kompensacia am darRvevebismsxverplTaTvis. Tumca Cven miviCnevT,rom adamianis uflebebis samarTlis efeq tiani gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebelia,ara saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebs uSualoddekisoT pasuxismgebloba darRvevisaTvis.II. SeiZleba arasaxelmwifoebriverTeulebs pirdapir daekisroTpasuxismgebloba adamianisuflebebis darRvevisaTvis?miuxedavad imisa, rom valdebuleba-Ta keTilsindisierad Sesrulebis movaleobazog SemTxvevaSi Zalian sasargebloa,arsebobs situaciebi, rodesacigi uaryofiT gavlenas axdens da samar-TaldamrRvevTa pasuxismgeblobisagangaTavisuflebasac ki iwvevs. Sesabamisad,dRevandeli politikuri realobis gaTvaliswinebiT,aucilebelia, saerTaSorisosamarTalma uSualod daakisrospasuxismgebloba arasaxelmwifoebriverTeulebs. 42jer kidev niurnbergis saerTaSorisotribunalis wesdeba udebs saTavesmosazrebas, rom arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebi pasuxismgebelni unda iyvnenadamianis uflebaTa darRvevebze,kerZod: `nebismieri adamiani, romelicCaidens saerTaSoriso samarTlis dana-Sauls, pasuxismgebelia am qmedebaze daeqvemdebareba dasjas.~ 43pirveli samarTlebrivi dokumenti,romelSic saubari iyo arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebis saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivpasuxismgeblobaze, iyo adamianisuflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia,romlis preambula iTvaliswinebs, rom`sazogadoebis yvela organo~ movalea,daemorCilos adamianis uflebaTa materialurdebulebebs. 44miuxedavad imisa, rom mxolod saxelmwifoebiarian adamianis uflebebisSesaxeb saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebismxareebi da, Sesabamisad, uSualod arianangariSvaldebulni maT Sesrulebaze,sazogadoebis yvela wevrs, ajanyebulSeiaraRebul jgufebSi gaerTianebuliadamianebis CaTvliT, ekisreba pasuxismgeblobaadamianis uflebebis ganxorcielebasTanmimarTebiT. Sesabamisad,maT unda agon pasuxi adamianis uflebebisdarRvevis gamoc. 451999 wlis angariSSi `adamianurobisZiriTadi standartebi~ gaeros generalurmamdivanma aRniSna: `zogierTiamtkicebs, rom arasaxelmwifoebriver Teulebsac unda daekisroT pasuxismgeblobaadamianis uflebaTa saer-TaSoriso samarTlis Sesabamisad, gansakuTrebiTim SemTxvevebSi, rodesacar arsebobs saxelmwifo struqturebian saxelmwifo uunaroa, an ar surs gansazRvrosarasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebismier Cadenili danaSaulebi.~ 46siera-leones zavisa da morigebiskomisiam `daadgina, rom revoluciurigaerTianebuli fronti pasuxismgebeliiyo konfliqtis dros Cadenil adamianis97
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ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis sa
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Zalis gamoyenebis samarTlebriviaspe
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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2,
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