Journal International Law_N2-10.indd

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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, <strong>N2</strong>, 2010samarTlisa da saSinao saqmeebis(SemdgomSi – JHA Extrenal Dimension) saz-RvargareT gavrceleba mxardaWeriliqna 1999 wlis tamperes daskvnebiT.TavSesafrisa da migraciis komponentiJHA External Dimension-Si miznad isaxavsevrokavSiris TavSesafris politikisproeqtirebas da migraciuli xedvis sxvaqveynebTan urTierTobaSi implementacias.25 aRniSnuli midgoma aRiarebuliqna evropis ministrTa sabWos Sekrebazesanta-maria de feirasa (2000) da sevilia-Si (2002). es politikuri saxelmZRvaneloprincipebi aisaxa 2004 wlis konstituciurSeTanxmebaSi, romelic moicavssamarTlebriv danawesebs momavalSiTav Sesafrisa da migraciuli samarTlismiReba-daxvewaze mesame qveynebTanTanamSromlobis gziT. 26male naTeli gaxda, rom es mondomebamoiTxovda instituciur koordinaciasda, Sesabamisad, 2002 wels ministrTasabWos ministerialma cvlilebaSeitana `umaRlesi donis samuSao jgufisTavSesafrisa da migraciis sakiTxebze~(HLWG) muSaobis wesSi, romelicTavdapirvelad Seiqmna 1998 wels, raTaSeedginaT samoqmedo gegma im qveynebTanan regionebTan TanamSromlobis gziT,saidanac warmoSobiT an moqalaqeobiTiyvnen TavSesafris maZieblebi da migrantebi.ad hoc miznis miRwevis SemdegHLWG aRiWurva mandatiT, raTa ewarmoebinaevrokavSiris sagareo TavSesafrisada migraciuli politikis ganxilvaspecialurad SerCeul regionebTan daqveynebTan im geografiuli limitisSeuzRudavad, romelsac warmoadgenda,magaliTad, TavSesafris maZiebelTa satranzitoqveyana. 27zemoxsenebul konteqstSi 2002wlis dekemberSi evrokomisiam warmoadginakomunike `migraciuli sakiTxebisgaerTianebis Sesaxeb mesame qveynebTanmimarTebiT~, 28 sadac aRiniSna mimarTebamigraciul da TavSesafris politikasTandakavSirebiT. komunikeSi xazgasmiTiTqva, rom finansuri resursebimaqsimalurad efeqturad unda iqnesgamoyenebuli aseTi pirebis repatriaciisaTvis(moiazrebian rogorc imigrantebi,aseve uarnaTqvami TavSesafris maZieblebi),agreTve komunikeSi xazi gaesvasazRvrebis marTvas da TavSesafrisa damigraciul proeqtebs mesame qveynebSi(agreTve ixileT mogvianebiT gamocemuliAeneas Regulation 29 ).saTanamSromlod Semdegi qveynebiganisazRvra: norvegia, islandia, Sveicaria,aSS, kanada, bulgareTi, rumineTi,TurqeTi, dasavleT balkaneTis saxelmwifoebi,ruseTi, ukraina, yazaxeTi,yir gizeTi, tajikeTi, TurqmeneTi, uzbekeTi,somxeTi, azerbaijani, saqarTvelo,maroko, alJiri, tunisi, iordania,israeli, egvipte, CineTi, irani, samxreTkorea, indonezia, laTinuri amerikisqveynebi, afrika, karibis zRvisa da wynariokeanis auzis qveynebi, romlebicdaukavSirdnen evrokavSirs saimigracioda TavSesafris sakiTxebze saTanamSromlod.30mesame saxelmwifoebTan SeTanxmebebimoicavs samomavlo winaaRmdegobebispre vencias TavSesafris moTxovnisas,raTa, `haagis programis~ sityvebiT,`konsultaciebiT iyos urTierTqmedeba gaeros ltolvilTa umaRles komisariatTan~.31miuxedavad aRniSnuli SeTanxmebebisukiduresad dadebiTi xasiaTisa, samecnierowreebSi mainc arsebobs mosazreba,rom samTvarobaTaSoriso ZalisxmevisSedegad ganviTarebul midgomebSi samomavlodsxva qveynebis CarTva eWvis qveSdadgeba. 323. saerTaSoriso ltolvilTa daadamianis uflebaTa samarTliTgaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebievrokomisiis TavSesafriskanonmdeblobis implementaciisaswina nawilSi naTlad gamoCnda kompleqsurikavSiri evrokavSirsa da mesamesaxelmwifoebs Soris TavSesafrissakiTxebze. rodesac evrokavSiris wevrisaxelmwifo arRvevs valdebulebas saer-64
i. abaSiZe, ltolvilTa dacva erTiani evropuli TavSesafris sistemis pirobebSi. Sesabamisoba...TaSoriso ltolvilTa samarTalTanmimarTebiT, problema dgeba, – romelikanonmdeblobiT unda mivudgeT mas,Sida sakanonmdeblo TvalsazrisiT TuevrokavSiris kanonmdeblobiT, – vinaidanfaqtia, saerTaSoriso samarTali daevropis samarTali, sxva yvelafers romTavi gavaneboT, geografiuli niSniTgansxvavdebian.evropis samarTlis upiratesi mdgomareobisgamo 33 wevr saxelmwifoTa SidasamarTalTan mimarTebiT da agreTveevrokavSiris im moTxovnidan gamomdinare,rom yvela wevri saxelmwifovaldebulia, mTlianad SesabamisobaSihqondes mTeli Sida kanonmdebloba evrokavSiriskanonmdeblobasTan (saer-TaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa denonsaciisCaTvliTac, Tuki isini ar Seesabamebianevropis samarTals), problemuria isdamokidebuleba, romelic ltolvilTasaerTaSoriso samarTals, adamianisuflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTalsa daam institutebs Soris iqmneba.gansxvaveba adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis valdebulebebsa(saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebidanwarmoSobili) da evropis samarTlisZiriTad principebs Soris relevanturixdeba, rodesac es ukanaskneli determinirebasaxdens uflebis miznisas,agreTve, awesebs limits da amcirebs mas,Sesabamisad, evropis samarTalze dayrdnobiT.343.1. adamianis uflebebi,rogorc ZiriTadi principievropul samarTalSiukve didi xania, evrokavSirSi moqmedebsprincipi, romlis mixedviTacwevri saxelmwifoebis Sida samarTaliunda iyos srul SesabamisobaSi evropissamarTlis adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTaodaRiarebul principebTan. evropiskavSiris SeTanxmebis 35 me-6 (2) muxliadgens:`kavSirma unda sces pativi adamianisfundamentur uflebebs, rogorcis garantirebulia 1950 wlis 4 noembersromSi miRebuli adamianis uflebaTa daZiriTad Ta visuflebTa dacvis evropulikonvenciiT da agreTve wevr saxelmwifo-Ta konstituciuri tradiciiT, romelicsaerToa yvela wevrisaTvis, rogorc kav-Siris ZiriTadi principi~.es xedva dadasturebulia evropismarTlmsajulebis sasamarTlos (SemdgomSi– ECJ) precedentuli samarTli-Tac. xsenebuli ZiriTadi principi, romelicsaerToa yvela wevrisaTvis, konstituciuritradiciis Sesabamisad, arismboWavi principi evropis samarTalSi dagarantoria, raTa srul SesabamisobaSiiyos wevri saxelmwifoebis Sida samar-Tali kavSiris samarTalTan, adamianissaerTaSoriso fundamentur uflebebzedayrdnobiT. 36jer ZalaSi arSesuli `evropis kav-Siris ZiriTad uflebaTa qartia~ 37(SemdgomSi – `qartia~) aris yvelaze mniSvnelovaniinstrumenti, ramdenadac igiaRiarebs uflebebs, rogorc Sedegs, wevrsaxelmwifoTa sakonstitucio praqtikisada saerTaSoriso valdebulebebisas,romlebic saerToa yvela wevri saxelmwifosaTvis.38 qartia inkorporirebuliqna evrokavSiris konstituciis proeqtisteqstSi. 39 aRniSnuli proeqtis me-18da me-19 muxlebi moicaven refoulement-Tan dakavSirebul regulaciebs, romel-Tanac yvela wevris Sida kanonmdeblobisSesabamisobac savaldebuloa. miuxedavadimisa, rom sakonstitucio SeTanxmebareferendumze uaryves safrangeTma daholandiam, es ar warmoadgens am nawilismoqmedebis Semaferxebel garemoebas.miuxedavad aseTi samarTlebrivinak lis arsebobisa, konstituciis mboWaviZalis naklTan mimarTebiT, adamianisuflebaTa Tavi migviTiTebs adamianisuflebaTa sferoSi arsebul evrokav-Siris institutebze. 40 qartiis erT-erTnaklad SegviZlia miviCnioT agreTve isfaqtic, rom TavSesafarTan dakavSirebiTwevri saxelmwifos nebismieri sakanonmdebloiniciativa aucilebladunda Seesabamebodes mas.65
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