Journal International Law_N2-10.indd

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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2, 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, <strong>N2</strong>, 2010vi scen adamianis uflebebis Sesaxebnormebs. garda amisa, winamdebare naSromiaseve Seexeba arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeule bis valdebulebebs adamianisuflebebTan mimarTebiT mSvidobiandros, romlebic, ZiriTadad, gamomdinareobensaerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebidanda konvenciebidan.statiis bolo nawilSi yuradRebagamaxvilebulia arasaxelmwifoebrivier Teulebis mier Cadenil adamianis uflebaTadarRvevebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobissakiTxebze. marTalia, bevri sa-Su aleba arsebobs, saxelmwifoebs daekisroTpasuxismgebloba arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebis mier Cadenilada mianis uflebaTa darRvevebisaTvis,winamdebare statiaSi ganixileba saxelmwifoTamier valdebulebebis ke-Til sindisie rad Sesrulebis movaleobis(due diligence oblihation) darRvevisa dauSualod arasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebisaTvispasuxismgeblobis dakisrebissakiTxebi. SeiZleba miviCnioT,rom samarTaldamrRvevis dapatimrebasamarTliani dakmayo filebaa, Tumcaes ase ar aris: rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT,ara saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebisaTvisadamianis uflebebis darRvevebis gamopasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas uamraviupiratesoba aqvs da, amasTan, adamianisuflebebis sayovelTao dacvis erTaderTisaSualebaa.B. arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebis pasuxismgeblobaadamianis uflebebTanmimarTebiT konfliqtis drospirveli kiTxva, romelic SeiZlebaadamians gauCndes, rodesac saub robsSeiaraRebul arasaxelmwifoebriv er-Teulebze, aris is, ramdenad Se sa Z lebeliamaTTvis pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebakonfliqtis areSi Cadenil adamianisuflebaTa darRvevisaTvis, Tuisini ar arian kombatantis reJimis maregulirebeliarc erTi xelSekrulebiswevrebi. 5am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad aucilebeliaimis gansazRvra, Tu romel arasaxelmwifoebriverTeuls SeiZlebahqo ndes valdebuleba konfliqtis dros.I. SeiaraRebul konfliqtSiarasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebis ganmartebaarasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli Ca i-T vleba organizebul SeiaraRebul jgufad,romelsac aqvs uflebebi da movaleobebiSeiaraRebul konfliqtSi, Tuigi akmayofilebs ramdenime kriteriums.Akayesu-s saqmeze ruandis sisxlissamarTlis tribunalma daadgina, romSeiaraRebul jgufebs unda hyavdeT organizebulisamxedro Zala, maT qmedebazepasuxismgebeli xelisufali, undamoqmedebdes gansazRvruli teritoriisfarglebSi da hqondeT saSualeba, pativiscen konvencias an uzrunvelyon misi pativiscema.6pasuxismgebeli xelmZRvanelobis arsebobamet-naklebad gulisxmobs ajanyebuliSeiaraRebuli jgufis an disidentiSeiaraRebuli Zalebis organizebulobas,Tumca yovelTvis ar niSnavs, romarsebobs ierarqiuli sistema, romelicflobs regularul SeiaraRebulZalebs. 7 SeiaraRebuli jgufis an disidentiZalebis organizacia imgvari undaiyos, rom maT SeeZloT SeTanxmebulisamxedro operaciebis dagegmva da ganxorcielebada de facto xelisuflebissaxeliT wesrigis damyareba. 8II damatebiTi oqmis 1-li muxliaseve iTvaliswinebs, rom mowinaaRmdegeSeiaraRebul jgufebsac unda SeeZloTmaRali xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos teritoriazeìseTi~ kontrolis ganxorcieleba,rom saSualeba hqondeT ganaxorcielonuwyveti da SeTanxmebulisaomari moqmedebani da gamoiyenon esoqmi. 9 sityva ìseTi~ (“such”) aris ganmartebisgasaRebi. kontroli sakmarisiunda iyos imisTvis, rom ganxorcieldesxangrZlivi da SeTanxmebuli samxedrooperacia da maSin SesaZlebeli iqnebaoqmis gamoyeneba. 10 Sesabamisad, rodesacsaxezea zemoaRniSnuli kriteriumebi,Cven miviCnevT, rom organizebuliSeiaraRebuli jgufebis mimarT gamoiy-92
n. abramiSvili, arasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis valdebulebebi adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT ...eneba SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi adamianisuflebebis maregulirebeli wesebi.II. rogor SeiZleba daekisroTarasaxelmwifoebriv erTeulebsadamianis uflebebis dacvakonfliqtur situaciebSi1980-ian da 90-ian wlebSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicades adamianisuflebebis saerTaSoriso standartebma,rodesac am sferoSi moqmedmamniSvnelovanma organizaciebma – `saer-TaSoriso amnistiam~ da `Human RightsWatch~-ma Secvales adamianis uflebebisdarRvevis ganmarteba da mas daamatesdarRvevebi arasaxelmwifoebrivierTeulebis mier. am periodis Semdegmomzadebuli oficialuri gancxadebebida angariSebi asaxavda aseT midgomasda Camoyalibda globaluri (sayovelTao)praqtika, raTa `Searcxvinonda daasaxelon~ SeiaraRebuli jgufebi,romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian adamianisuflebebis darRvevaze. 11kolumbiaSi adamianis uflebebismdgomareobis Sesaxeb meore angariSSi(1993 weli) interamerikulma komisiamganacxada, rom SeiaraRebuli jgufebisqmedebani `savalaloa yvelaze mni-S vnelovani adamianis uflebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis~.12 gaeros adamianisuflebebis komisiis specialurmamo mxseneblebma da samuSao jgufebisTavmjdomareebmac aRniSnes àdamianisuflebebiT sargeblobasTan mimarTebiTuaryofiTi Sedegebi, romlebic SeiZlebagamoiwvios SeiaraRebuli jgufebis qmedebebma.13generaluri mdivnis moxsenebaSi minimalurihumanitaruli standartebisSesaxeb, romelic wardgenil iqna adamianisuflebaTa komisiis ormocdame-ToTxmete sxdomaze, ganxiluli iyoada mianis uflebebis darRvevebisaTvisarasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis pasuxismgeblobissakiTxi, kerZod: èWvgareSea,SeiaraRebuli jgufis miersa moqalaqo piris mokvla, adamianebisgamosaxleba sakuTari saxlebidan,an sxvagvarad daSinebisa da aradiskriminiciuliZaladobis aqtebis ganxorcielebapotenciurad saerTaSorisomniSvnelobis sakiTxia. [...]gaeroserT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi miRwevaaadamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso samarTlisganviTareba, romelic iTvaliswinebssaxelmwifoTa pasuxismgeblobas,rogorc zogad standarts. gamowvevaisaa, rom SevinarCunoT es miRweva da,amave dros, uzrunvelvyoT adamianisuflebebis koncefciis Cven garSemomsofliosTan relevanturoba.” 14arasaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebispasuxismgeblobasTan dakavSirebiT asevemniSvnelovani da sasargebloa gaerosuSiSroebis sabWos praqtika, romelicxazs usvams adamianis uflebebis savaldebulomoqmedebas aseTi erTeulebismimarT. gvinea-bisaus Taobaze miRebuli1216-e rezoluciiT gaeros uSiSroebissabWo mouwodebda:`yvelas, mTavrobisa da TviT ga mocxadebulisamxedro xuntis CaT vliT,zustad daicvan saerTaSoriso samarTlisSesabamisi de bulebebi humanitarulida ada mianis uflebebis samarTlisCaT vliT, da uzrunvelyon saerTaSorisohumanitaruli organizaciebis usafrTxoda Seuferxebeli urTierToba impirebTan, romelTac esaWiroebaT daxmarebakonfliqtis Sedegad.~ 15aseve, 2003 wlis 1509-e rezoluciiTliberiaSi konfliqtis Sesaxeb uSiSroebissabWom moiTxova:`rom yvela mxarem Sewyvitos adamianisuflebebis darRveva da sastikimopyroba liberiis mosaxleobis winaaRmdegda xazs usvams damnaSaveTa pasuxisgebaSimicemis aucileblobas.~ 16SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi bavSvebisSesaxeb damatebiTi oqmis, romelichumanitaruli samarTlisa da adamianis uflebebis samarTlis nazavia,4(1) muxli iTvaliswinebs, rom Sei ara-Rebulma jgufebma àr unda [...] daiqiravonan gamoiyenon~ bavSvebi SeiaraRebulkonfliqtSi. oqmis preambulaSiaRiarebulia arasaxelmwifoebriviSeiaraRebuli jgufebis `pasuxismgebloba~da ùdidesi SeSfoTebiT~ dag-93
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ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis sa
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Zalis gamoyenebis samarTlebriviaspe
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x. burkaZe, Zalis gamoyenebis samar
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saerTaSoriso samarTlis Jurnali, #2,
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KHATUNA BURKADZELEGAL ASPECTS OF TH
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PAATA TSINTSADZEKOSOVO: NORMS AND C
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