Master Thesis - Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg

6. Evaluating the safety Master Thesis Björn Ostermann page 103 of 126
Type B:
This standard contains a concept that can be used to reach the goals for the risk assessment which
is required according to the general principles of annex I of the Machinery Directive respectively
by EN 12100-1.
- EN 999 “Safety of machinery — The positioning of protective equipment in respect of approach
speeds of parts of the human body”
This standard “provides parameters based on values for hand/arm and approach speeds and the
methodology to determine the minimum distances from specific sensing or actuating devices of
protective equipment to a danger zone” [69].
- EN ISO 13857 “Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached
by upper and lower limbs”
This standard gives distances that have to be kept between hazardous areas and openings in
protective devices. Those values are designed to fit 95% of the population.
- EN ISO 13849-1 “Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1:
General principles for design”
Type C:
This standard “provides safety requirements and guidance on the principles for the design and
integration of safety-related parts of control systems” [72]. It covers the determination of the
required performance level that a control has to achieve for a specific task and the evaluation of
the performance level the given control is achieving.
- EN ISO 10218-1 “Robots for Industrial Environment — Safety requirements — Part 1:Robot”
This standard “specifies requirements and guidelines for the inherent safe design, protective
measures and information for use of industrial robots […]. It describes basic hazards associated
with robots, and provides requirements to eliminate or adequately reduce the risks associated
with these hazards.” [70]
The type A standards are too general to be applied in the course of this thesis.
The type B and C standards are explained further in the following chapters.
6.2.1 Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being
reached by upper and lower limbs
EN ISO 13857:2008 (EN 294:1992)
This standard [73] is on safety distances to prevent humans from reaching harmful objects.
In this project an offset had to be chosen for the measured distance values, in order to decrease the
amount of fluctuation noise (see chapter 4.3.3). This offset needed to be as large as possible, while still
allowing intruding objects to be recognized.