Health Policy Issues and Health Programmes in ... - Amazon S3

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Hospital Waste ManagementTable 6. Universal Disinfectant: Recommended Dilutions of Chlorine Releasing CompoundsClean conditionDirty conditionAvailable chlorine required (1g/litre) 0.1% 91g/litre) 0.5% (5g/litre)Sodium hypochlorite solution (5% available) 20 ml/litre 100 ml/litreCalcium hypochlorite (70% available chlorine) 1.4 g/litre 7.0 g/litreNaDCC tablets (69% available chlorine) 1.7 g/litre 8.5 g/litreNaDCC tablets (1.5g available chlorine) 1 tablet/litre 4 tablets/litreChloramine (25% available chlorine) 20 g/litre 20 g/litreSanitary and Secured LandfillingSanitary and secured landfilling is necessary under the following circumstances.l Deep burial of human anatomical waste when a facility with proper incineration is notavailable (for towns having less than five lakh population and rural areas) according toSchedule I of the Ministry of Environment and Forests Rules – secured landfilll Animal waste (under similar conditions as mentioned above) – secured landfilll Disposal of autoclaved/hydroclaved/microwaved waste (unrecognizable) – sanitary landfilll Disposal of sharps – secured landfill (This can also be done within a hospital premise asmentioned below).l Disposal of incineration ash – sanitary landfilll Disposal of biomedical waste till such time as proper treatment and disposal facility is inplace– secured landfill.214In case a disposal facility for sharps is not readily available in a town, health careestablishments, especially hospitals having suitable land, can construct a concrete lined pit ofabout 1 metre length, breadth, and depth and cover the same with a heavy concrete slab havinga 1–1.5-metre high steel pipe of about 50 mm in diameter. Disinfected sharps can be put throughthis pipe. When the pit is full, the pipe should be sawed off and the hole sealed with cementconcrete. This site should not be waterlogged or placed near a bore well.Common Treatment/Disposal FacilitiesCommon treatment facilities are necessary because it is not feasible for smaller health careestablishments to set up a complete treatment and disposal system due to lack of space andtrained manpower, minimum scale of operation, and scale of economy. Even large establishmentslocated in congested or densely populated areas cannot have such units due to environmentalconstraints. According to the rules, different kinds of treatment are required for differentcomponents of health care waste and the post-treatment residues have to be safely disposed.Hence, it is desirable that every town/city should have at least one common treatment facility thatmay be used by all the units that cannot have their own facility. It can be set up at the treatment/disposal and landfill site for the municipal garbage, with adequate precaution and control.Training and MotivationThe training programme aims at sensitizing the management and equipping the medical,paramedical, and auxiliary staff with the necessary working knowledge and clear instructions
Hospital Waste Managementabout their respective roles. At the same time, a core group of trainers should be organized forcontinued in-house training of the auxiliary and sanitation staff. For the success of theprogramme, it is essential that training and orientation events be planned for the followingcategories of functionaries and people according to their qualifications, experience, roles, andresponsibilities.l Policy-makersl Civic authoritiesl Hospital administrators, medical superintendents, deans and heads of departmentsl Doctors, surgeons, and specialistsl Auxiliary and nursing staffl Ward boys and cleaning/sanitation staff.The training programme for the various categories needs to be repeated, especially for theauxiliary staff. The interval between two programmes has to be decided by the management,depending upon available staff strength and resources.215
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Health Policy IssuesandHealth Progr
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ContentsContentsPrefaceList of Part
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I would also like to thank our tech
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List of ParticipantsIndu Kumar Pand
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List of ParticipantsMohmed ShaukatD
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List of ParticipantsR K PurohitAddi
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GlossaryGlossaryAbbreviationsAIIMSA
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GlossaryLHVLILMISMAPMCMCHMDRTBMDTM&
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GlossaryTHRTRCTRIPsTTTUUDCUIPUPUTVC
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Inaugural Sessionwould be the first
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Inaugural SessionOnly 18% of the pr
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Inaugural SessionMadhukar Gupta, Ch
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Inaugural Sessionrotational basis f
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Inaugural Sessiontell you more abou
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Public Health Issues, Priorities, a
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National Health Programmes: An Over
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Implementation of National Health P
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Use of Epidemiological Surveillance
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Designing a Surveillance SystemFurt
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Designing a Surveillance Systemsurv
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National Health Programme in Uttara
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IEC Strategies for Health in IndiaS
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IEC Strategies for Health in Indial
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IEC Strategies for Health in IndiaS
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IEC Strategies for Health in IndiaA
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IEC for Health Programmes in Uttara
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Session 3Private and Public SectorP
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Public-Private Interaction in Healt
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Cost Recovery Measures in Governmen
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Arogya Raksha: Health Insurance Sch
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Session 1Session 4Health Financing
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Health Financing in India: Some Iss
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Household Health Care Costs in Indi
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Session 1Session 4Access to Health
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Access to Health Services in Uttara
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Session 5STI/RTI, AIDS, and TB Cont
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Quality of RTI/STI Case Management
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Page 182 and 183: HIV/AIDS: International Perspective
Page 188 and 189: HIV/AIDS in India and UttaranchalSe
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Page 192 and 193: HIV/AIDS in India and Uttaranchalpr
Page 198 and 199: Tuberculosis Control Efforts in Ind
Page 208 and 209: Session 6Other Health IssuesChairpe
Page 210 and 211: Care of the ElderlySocial care is u
Page 212 and 213: Care of the ElderlyEach group has d
Page 214 and 215: Hospital Waste ManagementSession 6H
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Page 220 and 221: Hospital Waste ManagementTreatment
Page 222 and 223: Hospital Waste Management4. Tempera
Page 226 and 227: Streamlining the Drug Procurement a
Page 240 and 241: Sanitation and Public Health Issues
Page 246 and 247: Ayurveda and Unani Department and t
Page 252 and 253: Specific Health Policy and Programm
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Health Policy Issues and Health Programmes in ... - Amazon S3

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