Health Policy Issues and Health Programmes in ... - Amazon S3

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Public Health Issues, Priorities, and the Role of the GovernmentSession 1Public Health Issues, Priorities, andthe Role of the GovernmentS D Gupta, Director, Indian Institute of Health and Management Research, JaipurBackgroundSince the inception of the formal health care system in India, which is based on theconcept of comprehensive health care, major gains have been recorded over thepast five decades in people’s health status. The life expectancy has risen from 36years in 1951 to 62 years in 1995. The crude death rate (CDR), which was as high as27 per 1000 persons, decreased to 8.7 per 1000. Similarly, a significant decline hasbeen recorded for the infant mortality rate (IMR)—down from 145 per 1000 livebirths to 71 per 1000 live births. There has been a spectacular decline in mortalityresulting from major communicable diseases including plague, malaria, choleraand smallpox. Major epidemics have been brought under control and smallpoxhas been eradicated. Poliomyelitis, which is responsible for a high disability rate,is on the verge of being eliminated.Further, health care development has registered high growth for infrastructureand human resources. Vast health care infrastructure and a huge network ofhealth institutions have been created in the public system. Presently, there are21,853 primary health centres (PHCs) and 132,778 health sub-centres havebeen established to provide primary health care and reproductive healthservices. A huge workforce, which includes 360,100 doctors and 620,000 nurses,has been recruited and engaged in health care delivery in both urban anddistant rural areas. In the past 50 years, the accessibility and availability ofhealth care has improved tremendously as a result of enhanced geographicalreach and skilled manpower.However, despite significant and major gains, the health status of the peopleremains dismally poor. Important key features of the current health status are:l high IMRs;l high maternal mortality rates (MMRs);l a large portion of deaths attributable to acute communicable diseases;l common killers such as malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrhoeal disease; andl high prevalence of malnutrition and other nutrition disorders.13
Public Health Issues, Priorities, and the Role of the GovernmentTable 1. India’s Share of the World’s HealthProblemsIndia’s burden of disease (BoD) is unacceptably high (seeTable 1). Two-thirds of India’s BoD is caused by prematureCharacteristicsPercentage (of world)deaths and is highest among children under age five. Thereare regional disparities and wide differences in the BoDPopulation 17among the states. There are also urban and ruralPeople living in poverty (
Page 1 and 2: Health Policy IssuesandHealth Progr
Page 3 and 4: ContentsContentsPrefaceList of Part
Page 6 and 7: I would also like to thank our tech
Page 8 and 9: List of ParticipantsIndu Kumar Pand
Page 10 and 11: List of ParticipantsMohmed ShaukatD
Page 12 and 13: List of ParticipantsR K PurohitAddi
Page 14 and 15: GlossaryGlossaryAbbreviationsAIIMSA
Page 16 and 17: GlossaryLHVLILMISMAPMCMCHMDRTBMDTM&
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Page 66 and 67: Use of Epidemiological Surveillance
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National Health Programme in Uttara
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IEC Strategies for Health in IndiaS
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IEC Strategies for Health in Indial
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IEC Strategies for Health in IndiaS
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IEC Strategies for Health in IndiaA
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IEC for Health Programmes in Uttara
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Session 3Private and Public SectorP
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Public-Private Interaction in Healt
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Cost Recovery Measures in Governmen
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Arogya Raksha: Health Insurance Sch
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Session 1Session 4Health Financing
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Health Financing in India: Some Iss
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Household Health Care Costs in Indi
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Session 1Session 4Access to Health
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Access to Health Services in Uttara
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Session 5STI/RTI, AIDS, and TB Cont
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Quality of RTI/STI Case Management
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HIV/AIDS: International Perspective
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HIV/AIDS in India and UttaranchalSe
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HIV/AIDS in India and UttaranchalFi
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HIV/AIDS in India and Uttaranchalpr
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Tuberculosis Control Efforts in Ind
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Session 6Other Health IssuesChairpe
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Care of the ElderlySocial care is u
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Care of the ElderlyEach group has d
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Hospital Waste ManagementSession 6H
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Hospital Waste ManagementA hospital
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Hospital Waste Managementbe without
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Hospital Waste ManagementTreatment
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Hospital Waste Management4. Tempera
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Hospital Waste ManagementTable 6. U
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Streamlining the Drug Procurement a
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Sanitation and Public Health Issues
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Ayurveda and Unani Department and t
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Specific Health Policy and Programm
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