Technical Guidelines for Integrated Disease Surveillance ... - PHRplus

Table 7: Daily water needs per person during outbreak and non-outbreak situationsNon-outbreaksituationHome use 20 liters per day 50 litersDuring outbreak ofDiarrhoeal diseasehealth care setting 40 to 60 liters per day 50 liters in wards100 liters in surgery10 liters in kitchenSource: Refugee Health: an Approach to Emergency Situations. Medecins sans Frontieres.1997. MacMillan.Safe sources of drinking water include:Piped chlorinated waterExposed water sources (a river, pond or open well), if protected from contamination by people oranimals. For example, make sure that the water source is at least 30 meters upstream from areaswhere people or animals defecateProtected water sources (for example, closed wells with a cover)Boiled water from any reliable sourceChlorinated waterIf a safe water source is not available during an emergency, a water supply may need to be brought in bytruck. However, transporting water is expensive and difficult to sustain.To make sure that families have safe drinking water at home provide:Community education on how to keep home drinking water safeContainers that prevent contamination of water, for example, containers with narrow mouths so thatpeople cannot contaminate the water by putting their hands into the containerLocation site for defecation at least 30 meters or more from sources of water5.2.3.7 Ensure safe disposal of human wasteTo make sure that human feces are disposed of safely:Assign teams to inspect local areas for human waste disposal. Safe practices include disposing of fecesin a latrine or burying them in the ground more than 10 meters from a water supply.Construct latrines appropriate for local conditions with the cooperation of the community.Conduct community education on safe sanitation practices, especially if unsafe practices are found.62Technical Guidelines for Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in Ghana