Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsHacks and Dons -Teaching at the London University Journalism School 1919-1939: Its origin,development and influence.anything, receiving nought. Eleven were marked five or below and no onewas marked above eight: comments suggest some basic lessons had notbeen taken to heart: ’An amateurish essay on tusks’, or ’News buried.Catalogue of disconnected facts’ or three who ’Bury news in 2 nd paragraph.Also "sediment" and "medicine" were misspelt.’Miss Skipsey’s assignment sheet also included details of ’voluntary’assignments students reported: like the Armistice Day celebrations thatNovember or an electric power industry press conference. ’News agenciesand their work’ was one of Clarke’s topics later that Autumn Term in 1938,followed by a talk by the Daily Telegraph’s advertisement manager, Mr.G.P. Simon (1893-1963 appointed managing director in 1962). After Mr.Simon had discussed the relationship between the editorial and advertisingdepartments of newspapers Clarke had explained the intricacies of PressAssociation and Reuters teleprinted copy. That concluded lectures for thatterm and students returned on 12 th January, 1939, for the first of twolectures on ’Make-up and Typography.’ Clarke was a firm believer in theneed for mental alertness in display and headlines, allied to awareness ofthe technical and psychological problems involved in presenting news andarticles using static type.Eighteen pages of notes give a good introduction to the subject, backedup with examples of many of the items described - supplied by ColonelFred Lawson of the Daily Telegraph, chairman of the JournalismCommittee. In this lecture Clarke keyed in students to the ideas of havingto rise to the challenge of new media; ’the radio news and the news reels atthe film theatres - and television on the horizon.’ These meant thatjournalists could no longer ignore the physical side of presenting ideas,which they had hitherto neglected. Readers consequently wanted materialpresented with lively mental energy because these ’powerful engines ofpublicity,’ as Clarke described them, would attract young people, and it wasthese the newspapers would have to keep first and foremost in their minds:’The fundamental change in the Popular Press is this editorial striving foreffect in appealing to the public - in the form rather than the matter is:1)Greater legibility and variation of type to express character, tone and lightand shade;2)The adoption of a horizontal instead of a vertical make-up. The old singlecolumn had practically gone.’’Just as women have become interested in "make-up"- so have thenewspapers’ was how he introduced this first lecture. He went on to warnagainst what he described as ’editorial window dressing’ but he favoured allthose things that helped to ’break’ the page and £1ive it strength and life. Hedescribed the ’open’ effect as the news hallmark. °The effect of all this on the journalist was: ’a new generation of newsstylists, who are giving attention to these technical and psychologicalproblems of type in presenting news and articles.’ It all added up to thebetter printing of newspapers (not just the work of the printers, asNorthcliffe had earlier specified) and to the growth of mental alertness inboth display and headlines. Those who did not believe him had only tocompare newspapers with those of twenty years earlier, at the end of thefirst decade of the twentieth century.129MOD100051300