Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

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For Distribution to CPsHacks and Dons -Teaching at the London University Journalism School 1919-1939: Its origin,development and influence.Table I11Diploma for Journalism, London University,AcademicYear1919/201920/211921/221922/231923/241924/251925/261926/271927/281928/291929/301930/311931/321932/331933/341934/351935/361936/371937/381938/391919-1939Di )loma Examination ResultsNos. ofDiplomasWomen Men NumbersittingNo. of women studentsAwardedexamination2* 1 1 3 (35)+ ?29 4 25 44(29)+ 3730 14 16 ?(19)+ 2815 7 8 ?(12)+ 409 7 2 ?(22)+ ?15 10 5 ?(19)+ 4315 6 9 29(27)+ ?28 18 10 37(9)+ 4519 9 10 25(13)+ 4919 15 4 27(4)+ 5317 4 13 32(13)+ 5421 10 11 28(10)+ 6731 19 12 43(6)+ 7423 15 8 34(9)+ 5718 12 6 (a)10 (b)20 73(17)+28 16 12 (a)20 (b)28 68(0)+27 18 9 (a)13(b)29 71(2)+27 18 13 (a)27 (b)18 5117 9 8 (a)19(b)18 5223 11 12 ’ 55Total:413 219 194TotalStudents(1 ~t and 2 "ayears)109146895753748993848710111211588113111119110102104Sources:Annual Calendars of Bedford College, East London College (now Queen Mary, University of London).King’s College, London School of Economics, University College, 1919-39.Journalism Committee Minutes and University of London House Senate Minutes.Note: The figures for 1938/39 are incomplete. Students who completed one year by the end of theacademic year 1938/39 were awarded a special certificate of attendance. Under number sitting from1933/4 (a) refers to men and (b) refers to women.* indicates that in the first year of examination only graduates were eligible to sit after one year. Thiscontinued until the summer of 1937, after which it required two years attendance.+ the figure in brackets indicates the numbers passing in other papers, but not gaining their Diplomas.If London University had found a way of utilizing these provincialcolleges for the journalism teaching, a way might have been found forfostering a national scheme of education for journalism. But this waspossibly too much to hope for at the time when there was a depressionand, between 1932 and 1934, from 4 to 6.5 per cent of the N.U.J.’smembers were unemployed. 1° 135MOD100051306
For Distribution to CPsEditorial Attitudes Towards News Reporting Revealed in Clarke’s Lecture NotesIn 1932 the Union could not find any junior journalist, or the son ordaughter of a member, to take up its Exhibition on the Course. Competitionalso affected the proprietors’ abilities to begin to attempt such arevolutionary idea as education for journalism. But within months of the endof the Second World War the Union had entered negotiations with theNewspaper Society to try and draw up a scheme of improvement of thetraining of junior journalists. 11 It is only possible to hint at the connectionbetween the N.U.J. request of 1931 and the 1944 Newspaper Societyinvitation, but, as we shall see in the next chapter, the Newspaper Societywas strongly in favour of re-opening the London University course.Now it is time to remind ourselves of the transatlantic connectionsmentioned earlier in this chapter when examining the early discussionabout education for journalism at the beginning of the twentieth century.Although his friends and colleagues would dispute these Americanconnections Clarke was a close reader of the prospectuses(’announcements’ as the Americans called them or ’bulletins’) of Americanuniversity Schools of Journalism.His copies (from such Schools at the Universities of Illinois, Missouri,and Ohio State for the mid-1930s,) are well-marked and heavily underlinedat many points. He also addressed a letter to Dr. Allen Sinclair Will atRutgers University, formerly of the Columbia School for Journalism. Dr.Will’s book on journalism education has been quoted in the text because ofthis evidence of Clarke’s regard for the book, mentioned in his letters.This diffidence in attributing anything American to Clarke’s teaching isunderstandable only in terms of appreciating the ingrained habit of mindamong British journalists about Schools of Journalism; an attitude which isone of their most persistent shortcomings. They cannot see any goodcoming out of them, but tend to confuse British, commercial schools of thisname, with academic departments. If anything, their criticisms increase,and do not abate, the further away in time they get from this Londonexample of a School of Journalism, as it had planned to call itself from1940 onwards. The cost of instituting this, at 1938 prices, was estimated atbetween £7,000 and £8,500 a year, half of which would have required asubsidy from the newspaper industry. This sum was not excessive andwould have provided for the Director of Practical Journalism as well as aDirector of Academic Studies, with another two full-time lecturers inPractical Journalism and English, with two part-time lecturers providingspecialist courses, designed for journalists, in History and Economics. Thissum the British newspaper industry was incapable of finding, even thoughsome of its leading proprietors were often pleased to perpetuate theirnames in chairs of literatures, or similar endowments.Assessing Clarke’s Directorship of the Diploma for Journalism, 1935-1939Any attempt to try and assess Clarke’s contribution to the developmentof the Diploma for Journalism in its last four years’ existence raises thequestion: ’Was he the right man for the job?’136MOD100051307
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Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

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