Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsThe Evolution of the Modern Journalist 1880-1930and also points to the way the provinces kept abreast of Londondevelopments because, when he moved to the Echo: ’It had been agreedthere must be a revolution modelling the new paper on the Morning Leaderitself, with the leading news on the front page and sharing many features ofthe Leader (especially)its magazine pages. ’2~The ’old style of sub-editing’ referred to above had captured the popularimagination and become ’the popular ideal of a newspaper editor ’26 and, tothe newspaper reading public, the roles of editor and sub-editor were interchangeable27 as, indeed, they often appeared in the situations vacant, andwanted, columns of the newspaperman’s recruitment agency, TheAthenaeum (a role the Daffy News eventually inherited). The popularphrase was the ’Scissors and Paste’ aspect of the sub-editor’s job: ’in thecourse of a few minutes, by aid of his pen, scissors, and paste-pot, he hasproduced a neat condensed account, in the space of half-a-column or so’. 28W.T. Stead described the work the following year as the: ’newspaperprecis.., an attempt to construct an intelligible narrative.., from anundigested mass of material (like Government Reports)... which not one ina hundred ever reads. ’29As nobody could be bothered to read dull Government publications thenit was the sub-editor’s function: ’to make an interesting column of news byreducing a voluminous narrative (which he had) improved, modified andanimated’? °The ’New Journalism’: InterviewingThese descriptions of journalistic work have not included anything aboutone aspect of modern journalism, that of interviewing. This brings us to thedividing line between the old-school of journalism and the ’new journalism’which became the ’conventional term for developments in the press after1880’? ~ One journalistic critic, speaking at the annual conference of theRoyal-chartered Institute of Journalists (successor to the early NationalAssociation of Journalists) in 1896 commented on the degeneracy of thenew journalism with its ’plague of interviewers which allow the showman inour midst’? 2 Another even made it a condition of his employment that heshould not have to undertake interviews and Jerome K. Jerome gave upinterviewing as he ’usually fell to arguing with the interviewee’? 3According to Dr. Alan Lee ’the classic, if rather obscure origin of the termwas in 1887’ when Matthew Arnold described the New Journalism: ’whichis full of ability, novelty, variety, sensation, sympathy, generous instincts; itsone great fault is that it is feather-brained. It throws out assertions at aventure because it wishes them true; does not correct either them or itself,if they are false; and to get at the state of things as they truly are seems tofeel no concern whatever’? 4Arnold went on to link the growth of new voters, in industrial centreswhere newspapers flourished and the classes had least contact with eachother, to ’the democracy as people are fond of calling them.., disposed tobe, like this journalism, feather-brained. ’3~10MOD100051181