Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsSome Aspects of Education and TrainingOnce again it would appear that here was fertile ground for a novelapproach to educating the journalist and this will be examined in the nextchapter on the ’Emergence and Development of Education for Journalism,1880-1910.’ Just two years after the Birmingham University syllabus therewas another and this one was the joint effort of the IoJ and LondonUniversity (see Appendix X a & b).Some Anglo-American Connections, up to 1880Although it may appear simplistic to state that 19 th century America wasnearer to the cultural ambience of the home of its mother tongue, than is atpresent the case, there were indications of the close relationship. Englishwomen writers visited America and wrote books about their visits: MrsTrollope (1780-1863) in 1832 (her son’s North American appeared in1862); Miss Harriet Martineau (1802-76) in 1837; and Mrs Mary Howitt(1799-1881) published a three-volume history of the United States. Britishperiodicals, and much of the literature carried within their pages, werewidely distributed throughout America; Dickens’ Household Words and Allthe Year Round, between 1850 and 1895, had special early printings forthe American editions, while the feminist journal, the English Woman’sJournal (one of the first companies registered with women shareholders),found its way into receptive American hearths. ~7 Boston publishers viedwith each other for their friendship of Dickens ~s and poets like Longfellowapplauded his American readings. The American poet Emerson had hisEnglish tours to counter-balance the novelist’s. Emerson’s transcendentalwritings were seen as a threat to Anglicanism, while Whitman’s convictionthat democratic America would renew civilisation horrified MatthewArnold .29The antipathy of the Arnolds and the Newmans was no doubt fanned bythe Americans’ needling insistance that ’the high born of England are toomuch inclined to regard the lower orders as an inferior race of beings ’6° but,of course, there were Englishmen who supported the American view. Oneof these was Goldwin Smith (1823-1910), who was educated at Eton andOxford, held various fellowship, while attacking the clerical ascendancy ofthe ancient university and agitating for acceptance of reform within theuniversity. This led to a joint-secretary position on the Royal Commissionwhich investigated Oxford University between 1852 and its report in 1857.During this period he also joined Douglas Cook’s staff on the SaturdayReview when it started publication in 1855. He further committed himself tothe 1858 Commission on national education, this time as a fullCommissioner, and found himself offered the Regius Professorship ofModern History at Oxford, from 1858 to 1866.Corresponding with the President of the new Cornell University inAmerica, Andrew Dixon White (1832-1918), Smith highlighted theunderlying difference between the British and American versions of highereducation: ’On this side of the water the question of academical educationis mixed up with historical accidents and with political struggles. What Iwould say is this - adapt your practical education to the practical needs of3OMOD100051201