Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsThe influence of the Diploma for Journalism on tile National Union of Journalists and futurejournalism training and educationmodern society is well documented 1~8 and is a measure of feelingsexpressed by both industry and government.The lack of an academic underpinning to journalism education inEngland has meant that whole areas are inadequately researched whichmakes it difficult to pinpoint changes and developments as they occur. Thiscontrasts with the surfeit of material available to the American journalismeducator, in the journal of that name, in Journalism Quarterly andnumerous other journals. 1~9However, the American experience of journalism education has resultedin a situation highlighted by being described as the ’Takeover of journalismeducation. How journalism education has been submerged during the lasthalf of the 20 th century. ’~4° Betty Medsger, the author, describes howcommunication studies have displaced practical journalism teaching(usually by former journalists) to such an extent that academic research, incommunication studies, is now the priority for faculty achieving academicprogression. Indeed the American Association for Education in Journalismadded the words ’and Mass Communications’ to its title many years ago.When Tom Hopkinson was guiding his first post-graduate students atCardiff, in 1970, towards work in newspapers he could add ’and byextension, given recruitment patterns, in broadcasting. ’~4~ The authorintroduces this, at this stage, to illustrate the difficulties facing anyoneseeking to identify constituent elements included in the fabric of ’journalism’without benefit of knowledge of how the threads are woven.The accepted view of broadcast journalism was that it was an extensionof newspaper journalism, as Hopkinson himself believed when he statedthat his aim, in starting a course, was to produce a man or woman who cango into a newsroom-either in radio, television or on a newspaper. The list offunctions applicable to print journalists includes nothing specific tobroadcasting per se; neither is there any mention, in Hopkinson’s ownpapers relating to his tenure of his Senior Fellowship at the University ofSussex, of any contact with broadcasting organizations, either BBC or ITV.The same year that he took up his fellowship the BBC introduced localradio to eight towns and, in 1969 appointed Robert McLeish as the localradio training officer to guide the BBC’s second phase in 1970, whenanother twelve stations were planned. McLeish states that he would haveexpected to hear from Hopkinson especially after the course at UniversityCollege, Cardiff, had started; but no such approaches were made. ~4zIn 1977 the author was planning the first full-time course for radiojournalism and began this research to help in the preparation. 14~ That sameyear the Report of the Third Royal Commission on the Press was publishedand it recommended that the ’emphasis... about the industrial as againstthe professional objectives of journalists’ training.., would have to bemodified.’ And that it saw ’merit in arranging courses in higher educationestablishments to provide a common foundation for all forms ofjournalism. ’~44One result was a conference on editorial training supported by thePrinting and Publishing Industries Training Board (which was disbanded in1982) one of whose officials, Philip Marsh (1916-1998), was a formerstudent of the Diploma for Journalism course at London University. ~45 The174MOD100051345