For Distribution to CPsHacks and Dons - Teaching at the London University Journalism School 1919-1939: Its origin,development and influence,Lippmann’s statement, the same year, that education for journalism was a’pedagogical problem requiring an inductive study. ’92Subsequent chapters explore the development of this idea and attemptto overcome what one American sociologist deplored as the dearth of’existing data on the educational process in the schools of journalism.’ 93Endnotest D. Birkhead, 1982, Presenting the Press." Journalism and the Professional Project, (unpublisheddoctoral thesis, University of Iowa, 1982) p. 92.2 a. David H. Weaver & Maxwell E. McCombs, ’Journalism and Social Science: A New Relationship?’Public Opinion Vol. 44 (Winter 1980) 477-91.b. David H. Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, 1986, <strong>The</strong> American Journalist. A Portrait of US NewsPeople and <strong>The</strong>ir Work, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986). Chapter Three on Educationand Training reveals the difference with British academic teaching of journalism.3 Michael Schudson, Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers, (New York:Basic Books, 1978).4 a. Richard D. Altick (1915-2008), ’<strong>The</strong> Sociology of Authorship. <strong>The</strong> Social Origins, education andoccupation of 1,100 British Writers, 1800-1935’, Bulletin of the New York Library 66 (6) (1962) 389-404. Census figures show: 1861:1,672 authors, editors, writers: 1881: 6,111; 1901: 11,060; 1931:20,599 (journalists were included in the census after 1921). Reprinted in Richard D Altick, Writers.Readers, and Occasions. Selected Essays in Victorian Literature and Life, Ohio State University Press,Columbia, 1989, 95 - 109.b. Christopher Kent, ’Higher Journalism and the Mid-Victorian Clerisy’, Victorian Studies, Vol. XIIIno. 2 (Dec 1969) 181-98.5 James Fitzjames Stephens, (1822-94, brother of Leslie Stephens), ’Journalism’, Cornhill Magazine 6(July 1862): 52-63.6 ibid.7 Michael Schudson "What is a Reporter? " in Schudson (ed.) <strong>The</strong> Power of News (Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press 1995), 229/30,243.8 ibid. Thomas Catling, My Life’s Pilgrimage, (London: John Murray, 1911) states it was common forsome editors never to talk to reporters.9 Wilfrid Meynell (1852-1948), (pseudonym J. Oldcastle), Journals and Journalism. With a Guide forLiterary Beginners, (London: Field and Tuer, 1880).to Viola Meynell, Francis Thompson and WilfridMeynell, (London: Hollis & Carter, 1952).11 j Alfred Spender, Life, Journalism and Politics, Volumes One and Two, (London: Cassell and Co.,1927).12Hamilton Fyfe, My Seven Selves, (London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1935).While Fyfe is not noted for hishistorical accuracy this information can be accepted. Also, Sixty Years of Fleet Street, (London: W.H.Allen, 1949).13 G.S. Layard, 1901, ’Family Budgets II: A Lower Middle Class Budget’, Cornhill Magazine, n.s. Vol.X. Those wanting to update the pound sterling values in the text should consultwww,bankofengland.co.uk and click on ’Education’ and then on ’inflation calculator.’ In January 2007,£ 1,000 of 1880 would be equivalent to £51,120.t4 Minutes, Manchester Press Club, March, 1881.15 ibid, March 12 th 1884.16 Harry Christian, 1980, ’Journalist Occupational Ideologies and Press Commerclalisation’, in HarryChristian, ed., <strong>The</strong> Sociology of Journalism and the Press, (Keele, Staffordshire: University of Keele,1980).17MOD100051188
For Distribution to CPs<strong>The</strong> Evolution of the Modern Journalist 1880-193017 ibid.ts John Dawson, Practical Journalism: How to Enter <strong>The</strong>reon and Succeed, ,4 Manual for Beginners,(London: Gill, 1885).19 Thomas Alien Reed, Reporter’s Guide, (London: F. Pitman, 1869 & 1890).:0 ibid.2a William Hunt, <strong>The</strong>n and Now, or, Fifty Years of Newspaper Work, (Hull, London: Hamilton, Adamsand Co., 1887).22 a. Koss, Stephen, 1981, <strong>The</strong> Rise and Fall of the Political Press in Britain, Volume 1 : <strong>The</strong> NineteenthCentury, 270.b. Alan J Lee, 1976, <strong>The</strong> Origins of the Popular Press in England, (London: Croom Helm, 1976) pp.50, 79, 168, 67: ’No adequate checklist of titles exists.’c. Hunt, ibid. Helped to develop Saunders chain of newspapers.23 Altick, ibid.24 George Gilbert Armstrong, (1870-1954) Memories, (London: Unwin, 1944).25 ibid.26 Chamber’s 1867. No 207, n.s. December 14, ’Scissors & Paste’.27 Hunt, ibid.:s Dawson, ibid.29 W. T. Stead, 1886, Government by Journalism. Contemporary Review, 49 (May) 653-74.3o Chamber’s, ibid., and, 1879, No. 825, Fourth Series, October 18: ’Sub-editing and LondonNewspapers.’31 Lee, ibid, 117.3~ Dr. G.V. Patton, speaking at the annual conference of the Institute of Journalists in September, 1896,in IJP, 1896.33 a Sir William Beach Thomas, ,4 Traveller in News (London: Chapman and Hall, 1925). Thomas(1868-1957) was a protdg4 of Northcliffe’s.b Jerome K Jerome, 1893, ’<strong>The</strong> Younger Editors of Today. V’ in <strong>The</strong> Young Man Vol. VIII, 340.34 Lee, op. cit. 118.3s ibid.36 Lee, op. cit. 120/1.37 Sell’s, 1889.3s <strong>The</strong> Athenaeum, January 8, 1876 advertisement.39 Chamber’s, 1881, Fourth Series, No. 889, January 8, 369.0 Charles Alfred Cooper (1829-1916), An Editor’s Retrospect: Fifty Years of Newspaper Work(London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd, 1896).ca Koss, op. cit. 348.: Lee, op. cit. 123.3 Koss, op. cit. 428. In the author’s opinion this comment indicates Koss’s misinterpretation of how thepolitical then permeated British journalism.44 ibid, 428.5 a. Armstrong, op. cit. 49b. John Pendleton, How To Succeedas a Journalist (London: Grant Richards imprint, 1902), pp. 123-5.6 Michael Joseph (1897-1958), Journalism for Profit, (London: Hutchinson and Co., 1924).7 Pendleton, op. cit. 123.cs R.A. Scott-James, <strong>The</strong> Influence of the Press (London: S.W. Partridge & Co., 1913), p. 276.9 Pendleton, ibid.50 Lincoln Springfield, Piquant People (London: T. Fisher Unwin Ltd, 1924). Next three quotes fromhere.21 Godfrey Winn, Autobiography Vol. 1: <strong>The</strong>lnfirm Glory (London: Michael Joseph, 1967).2~ Evelyn Wrench, Francis Yeats-Brown, 1886-1944 (Bengal Lancer) ,4 Portrait (London: Eyre &Spottiswoode, 1948).53 Neil Bell (1887-1958), My Writing Life (London: A. Redman, 1955) pp. 253-4.24 a. Louis MacNeice, Modern Poetry: ,4 Personal Essay (Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1968).b. Cyril Connolly (1903-1974) Enemies of Promise, (London: G. Routledge and Sons, 1938, [edition~2ublished 1961 ]) p.32.Christopher Caudwell (1907-37) Illusion and Reality." ,4 Study of the Sources of Poetry (London:Macmillan, 1937, 1947 Edition, London: Lawrence & Wishart) p. 107.26 Philip Elliott, ’Media Organisations and Occupations: an Overview’, in James Curran, et al, MassCommunication and Society (Open University Reader) , (London: Edward Hodder Arnold, 1977), p.178.27 Comaolly, op. cir. 163.18MOD100051189
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