Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsTom Clarke - Pioneer of Teaching British Journalistsfrom the 1880s onwards. Other trade and professional journals revealedthe existence of the lectures given to the students by prominent journalistsin the first years of the course, published as ’Hints to Journalism Studentsby Those Who Know’, and the textbook ’The Complete Journalist’ by F. JMansfield (1872-1946) of The Times, was evidence of his part in thedevelopment of the teaching up to 1935 when Tom Clarke was appointedthe first full-time Director of Practical Journalism financed by some of FleetStreet’s newspaper magnates. The evidence of their underwriting of hissalary was confirmed in the King’s College archives in a letter from FredLawson to Dr. Halliday: ’1 have been fairly successful. I have not clinchedthe matter with Lord Rothermere, but I imagine that I shall probably get his£100. I have also got £100 a year for five years from Sir Emsley Carr, andalso £100 a year for five years from Mr Elias. Mr Elias has further promisedme that if we are a little short, he would increase that amount. I have ~qotMajor Astor to tackle, and I think I shall probably get the same from him.’"Research has revealed how closely the IoJ followed American practice,inviting early American professors of journalism to their deliberations in1908 and 1919. This continued under Clarke, although never mentioned byhim. His letters to American journalism departments indicate his interest,evidenced in three University brochures heavily marked in his hand.To help establish the educational climate of those earlier times severalReports of Commissions on Universities were examined, as were thearchive papers of the first Royal Commission on the Press, to helpestablish opinion on the London University course among witnesses, givenin both oral (and unpublished) written evidence.In an attempt to pinpoint the development of certain journalistic changesnumerous books and articles were read, as well as the Northcliffe archivesin the British Library, for the light they throw on the genesis of modernjournalism. Northcliffe’s letters are mines of information and are often amore correct version of events and developments than manyautobiographical books by journalists.In an effort to place the development of journalism education within acultural and epistemological context the author found much of interest inthe writings of Sir Ernst Gombrich (1909-2001) and on developments ofhistoriography in the writings of Lawrence Stone. His colleague, ProfessorRobert Darnton, is of interest by virtue of his journalistic background prior toturning historian9Former students of the London course were contacted or interviewed, aswere former members of the staff of King’s College who taught on thecourse. Historians working on papers of people connected with the course,like Hugh Gaitskell when a lecturer at University College, or Sir RoderickJones as a member of the Journalism Committee, kindly searched papersbut found little to add to existing archives.Turning to the journalism teaching of Clarke it is interesting to note hisattitude towards reporting, as being ’objectively describing what you see -not your emotions on seeing it. Leave that to the reader’s imagination. ’3 Insetting a reporting test Clarke had not ’anticipated a hard news story...onlythoughts of general scenes outside the Palace’ whereas ’the visit of thenew King to St. James’ Palace for the Accession Council...was the mainMOD100051173