Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsThe Evolution of the Modern Journalist 1880-1930Barker (1874-1960) with his remark about ’Oxford men flowed onto thenewspapers ’84 while Lord Beveridge (1879-1963) was one for whom ’theOxford "Greats" course had its mundane uses.., as a direct training for themore solemn forms of journalism, ’8~ which he undertook as a leader-writeron the Morning Post from 1906 to 1908, before entering the civil service. By1931 one provincial newspaper editor could comment that ’there never wasa time when more university men were being attracted into journalism. ’86The bright young men still sought entry to Fleet Street direct from Oxfordafter the First World War, which had seen nearly 5,000 Oxford andCambridge graduates killed. Evelyn Waugh (1903-1966) was one whoobtained a three months trial on the Daily Express, which he used to goodadvantage in Scoop, his fictional account of reporting the Abyssinian War.Beverley Nichols (1899-1983) was another: ’Who wrote the article"Oxford on Slang"... (he) comes down in December and would greatly liketo join the Daily Mail... he is much brighter than young George Binney,editor of The Isis, and is obviously a very witty writer. You should see him.He is at Balliol. ’87Journalists interpreted the ’New Journalism’ of the 1920s as extendingjournalism’s ’purview to life as a whole.., involved in the training of the new¯ ,aatyp eofjournahst to meet the new demands; even Northcliffe contributeda chapter on the subject to a career manualY backed up with scholarshipsat the City of London School. Forty years later one of those pupils, Alan PittRobbins (1888-1967) represented the IoJ in the negotiations leading up tothe formation of a national advisory body for journalism education, after theSecond World War.In 1910 eminent editors of the old school, like A.G. Gardiner (1865-1946), editor of the Daily News from 1902 to 1919, and Sir Robert Donald(1860-1933), editor of the Daily Chronicle from 1902 to 1918, could beheard drumming up support for the idea of education for journalism,echoing sentiments which took on concrete form in the shape of apostgraduate syllabus for journalism at the University of Birmingham,published in 1908 (but never implemented). Gardiner was firmly of theopinion that English universities: ’should give more definite encouragementto men to take up journalism (because) the ground the journalist is calledupon to cover today is exceedingly wide.., the more the Universities widen,modernize and humanize their culture the more they will benefitjournalism.’9°This extract from Gardiner’s address to the annual conference of the IoJwas supported by Sir Robert Donald, speaking in Oxford: ’We need classesor schools of journalism which give prominence to the training anddevelopment of the journalist as a writer. The literary gift will show itselfequally in small paragraphs as in a long descriptive report or in a leadingarticle.., the ability to express in simple, clear and direct language the,91purpose of the writer. That year, 1908, the Institute of Journalists agreeda curriculum for a Diploma in Journalism at the University of London.When British ex-servicemen returned to civilian life in 1919 they wereable to undertake a diploma for journalism at London University, supportedby State funds. One of the problems, however, was underlined by Walter16MOD100051187