Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsEditorial Attitudes Towards News Reporting Revealed in Clarke’s Lecture NotesThis mismatch between students and job possibilities could be said toreflect the composition of the Journalism Committee, which usually hadrepresentatives of the Daily Telegraph, Morning Post, and The Times, butnever anyone from the popular end of Fleet Street, although provincialnewspaper groups were represented through the Newspaper Society, Mr.Fred Miller and Mr. Peaker represented the first two newspapers just listed,while the part-time lecturer, Mr. F.J. Mansfield, worked on The Times, andhad been a president of the National Union of Journalists from 1918 to1919. He was assisted by Mr, Edward Hawke MA (Oxon), of the Spectatorand Daily Telegraph. The ’agenda’ for newspapers of this type was farremoved from that required by the provincial weekly press, or, for thatmatter, by the popular elements of the ’new journalism’ with its bright,popular image.Although it might be expected that practitioners of journalism would beaware of such trends, we have seen how trends could be ignored. SoDavid Anderson, founder of the first London School of Journalism in 1887,himself a Daily Telegraph special correspondent, would shy away fromexcrescences like Tit-Bits and Answers and abhor shorthand. We haveseen how some of his Oxbridge proteg6s could find jobs at the assistanteditor level, capable of joining a provincial newspaper and producing thoselong-winded leaders so necessary to the journalism of opinion of thosedays, reflecting the partisan political ownership of the day.One of the problems of the early years of the Diploma for Journalismcourse seems to have been the perpetuation of these attitudes into thetwentieth century, as indeed, they continued well into the second decade,possibly up to the demise of the Moming Post in 1937.Just as we have seen how the Diploma course itself suffered from thelack of an authoritative centre, so the newspaper industry as a whole wasincapable of regarding itself objectively; it could not offer an establishedview of its wide-ranging extremities, and suffered from the wide disparity ofviews which contributed to its success in trying to be all things to all men,with goods on the market shelf for every taste.One aspect of the 1930s we cannot overlook is the request from theNational Union of Journalists for the University of London to validate anExternal Diploma for N,U,J. members around the country. The stumblingblock was the Union’s request that three years on a local newspapershould equate with Matriculation requirements. Although this lack ofeducational qualifications seemed insurmountable at that time the concept,and its execution, were introduced by the Open University (OU) in the1970s. Indeed, the Union’s plan would have needed just such a nationalnetwork of centres providing instruction,Apart from the question of entry requirements London University itself,through its degree-awarding certificates to students in external colleges,might have seemed the appropriate institution for the Union’s scheme. Afterall, as the Haldane Commission of 1913 reported, the University then hadto recognize teachers in other colleges as worthy of teaching studentscapable of sitting for London’s external degrees (passing the degrees wassomething else again.)134MOD100051305