Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsHacks and Dons - Teaching at the London University Journalism School 3.919-1939: Its origin,development and influence.Collins combined a passion for the railways with another passion, beinga University Extension Lecturer (see Appendix V for a typical week of suchlectures in 1906.) Yet Gross calls some of his attacks on literary figures as’out of proportion.., pedantic, crusty, unbalanced,’ referring here to Collins’bouts of severe depression which might have contributed to the mysterysurrounding his death in 1908, when he was found drowned in a stream.In modern terms Collins, like de Blowitz, would be described as a’workaholic, ’88 with a ready view on everything and anything, vide deBlowitz’s grandiose deliberations on the subject of education for journalism,which emphasise de Blowitz’s self-esteem above all else.The appearance of a National Association of Journalists was, inretrospect, quite an outstanding achievement for the provincial workingjournalists who wanted to band together for mutual benefit. The feeling,reading the columns of its semi-official journal, Journalism, is one ofconcern at the influx of untrained amateurs, fly-by-night proprietors, and ofpoor wages and conditions. Even the role of the local reporter was stillcombined with working ’at case’ in the printing shop, or managing theprinter’s shop, if not living above it. Some, like Thomas Frost, believedproprietors wanted the lowest possible wages and so preferred existingopen access to the job. The working journalist feared the casual amateurs,refugees from other professions, who could announce to the world theirnew roles as journalists, or proprietors, without any control exercise tomaintain standards, or wage levels. The early calls for entry examsbetween 1887 and 1888 (Appendix I) reflect working journalists’ ideasabout the abilities needed to perform the work of a local reporter. Yet theseundergo radical changes, gradually giving way to something quite differentin content, and intent. The content reflected the change within the IoJ as itevolved out of the National Association of Journalists in 1889.Aspects of ProfessionalismThe direction of the National Association of Journalists changed after itsfounding, in 1884, by working reporters living outside London. First, therewas the admission to membership of editors and proprietors, then theintroduction of what were now considered archetypal aspects of anoccupation seeking to enhance its status as a profession. These were assimple as finding premises, and a secretary, to founding a library, then ajournal and seeking to defend the professional interests of membersagainst infringement, in Parliament or elsewhere. 89 The IoJ had as aregulation in its Royal Charter of 1889 the introduction of entryexaminations. Yet the people who, apparently, made the running inchanging the Association into the Institute were not the early members butthe later entrants, editors and proprietors, people who combined those jobswith being members of Parliament (unpaid, of course) and so able to steerthe Association into gaining a Royal Charter - no mean achievement initself. Obviously the titles such people chose to indicate the different gradesof membership revealed their aspiration: so entrants were Pupil-associateswith Members and Fellow in the upper reaches, all adding to the55MOD100051226