Exhibit JC42 - The Leveson Inquiry

For Distribution to CPsHacks and Dons - Teaching at the London University Journalism School 1919-1939: Its origin,development and influence.66 Douglas Herbert Birkhead, ’Presenting the Press: Journalism and the Professional Project’ (doctoraldissertation, University of Iowa, 1982) Chapter IV: ’The Professional Argument in JournalismEducation’ provided me with valuable insights I had missed in earlier attempts to tackle this subject. Iam grateful to Professor Ken Starck for this reference.67 Armytage, 1962, ibid. Also Sir Ernest Simon, 1944, ’The Number of University Students’, Political6~uarterly, ¥ol. 15. U.S.A. population in 1900:75.9 million; U.K.: 41.1 million.De Forest O’Dell, The History of Journalism Education in the United States (New York City:Teacher’s College, Columbia University, 1935) is used in this section.69 Sara Lawrence Lockwood Williams, 20 Years of Journalism Education for Journalism: A History ofthe School of Journalism of the University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A, Columbia, Mo: TheE.W. Stephens Pub Co., 1929).70 Frank W. Blackmar (1854-1931), and John Lewis Gillin (1871-1958), Outlines of Sociology (NewYork: The Macmillan Company, 1916).71 O’Dell, ibid.72 Birkhead, ibid.73 Birkhead, ibid.74 ibid. p 250-57~ ibid. p 25376 ibid. quoting Burton J. Bledstein, The Culture of Professionalism: The Middle Class and theDevelopment of Higher Education in America (New York: Norton, 1976)77 Joseph Fulitzer, 1904, ’The College of Journalism,’ North American Review 178, May, p. 65878 ibid. p.65979 ibid. p.64980 E.L. Godkin, 1890, ’Schools of Journalism’, Nation, March 6 ’h, Quoted in Birkhead, ibid. Godkintook a degree at Queen’s College, Belfast, in 1851.81 ibid.82 Birkhead, ibid.83 ibid. p.265/684 IoJ Annual Conference, Plymouth, 1908, The Professional Education of the Journalists Session.8~ Birkhead, ibid, quoting H.F. Harrington, 1919. ’Teaching Journalism in a Natural Setting; AnApplication of the Project Method.’ In EducationalAdministration and Supervision 5 (March 1919).86 Harrington, ibid.87 Birkhead, ibid. p. 272/388 ibid, quoting Bleyer Willard, 1931, ’What Schools of Journalism are Trying to Do’, JournalismQuarterly, 8 (March 1931): 379 Walter J. Ong, 1979, ’The Human Nature of Professionalism’, Publications of the Modern LanguageAssociation of America, Volume 94, No. 3, May. Presidential Address of MLA for 1978.9o Dr. G.B. Harrison to the author, August 10 ’h 1979.91 See Chapter 4 for further details.92 Harrison, to author, November 14 ~ 1979.93 a ’Formula writing’ see Journalism Educator, 1982. Vol. 37, No. 3, Autumn. New J-writingapproaches needed, educators are told. By William J. Roepke, Editor.b ’critically-anaesthetising objectivity’ illustrated in The Observer, 14 th August 1983. p. 6. Peter Pringlewrote: ’...journalists admit that in a strange reverse subjectivity brought on by the push for journalisticethics, they feel obliged to let (President) Reagan manipulate the stories because the journaliststhemselves do not agree with him politically. It is one of the perils of America’s rules of ’objectivejournalism’ that reporters trounce their soulmates and treat their political enemies with kid gloves.’(’Reagan charms Press into letting him off lightly’)(c) The Sun newspaper’s supposed interview with the widow of a Falklands Campaign hero, Sgt.McKay, for which the paper had to apologise (August 8 ’h 1983, p. 6). (Example of fabrication)94 Harrison to the author, May 30 ~ 1979.39MOD100051210