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State of the Basin Report - 2003ReferencesCongressional Budget Office, US Congress. 1982. Energy use in freight transportation, WashingtonDC.Eastman S.E. 1980. Fuel efficiency in freight transportation, The American Waterway OperatorsInc., Arlington, VA.Mekong River Commission. 2000. Updating the strategy and programme for navigation developmentand coordination in the Lower Mekong Basin, Mekong River Commission, Phnom Penh.Mooz, W.E. 1971. The effect of fuel price increases on energy intensiveness of freight transport,Rand Corporation , Santa Monica, USA.Viet Nam National Statistics Office. 2000. Viet Nam National Statistical Yearbook, StatisticalPublishing, Government of Viet Nam, Hanoi.United Nations World Food Programme and Mekong River Commission, GIS databases. WorldFood Programme, Phnom Penh.United Nations World Food Programme. 2001a. Identifying poor areas in Cambodia. Ministry ofPlanning, Cambodia and UNDP, World Food Programme, Phnom Penh.United Nations World Food Programme. 2001b. Poverty indicators. National Statistics Centre andState Planning Committee, Lao PDR, World Food Programme, Vientiane.242
12 - Domestic water and sanitationDomestic water 12and sanitationIf volume were the only consideration, use of the Mekong Basin’s water for domestic purposes andsanitation would be of small importance. Its demands represent no more than 5 or 6 percent 1 of allground and surface water used for any purpose in the basin, and water used for all purposes is only10 percent of the water flowing from the river’s mouth (Table 1). 2Table 1Freshwater withdrawal for domestic use and sanitationCountry and yearDomestic use sector% of total water usageCambodia (1987) 5Lao PDR (1987) 8Thailand (1990) 5Viet Nam (1990/1992) 4Note: Data are for the whole countrySources: World Resources Institute 2000; Gleick 2000From other perspectives, however, domestic water and sanitation are of very high importance indeed.First, water quality and hygiene have a significant impact on human health and productivity. Second,access to domestic water, to sufficient quantities of it and tosupplies that are reliable year-round, need to be assured to meeteveryday basic human needs.Domestic water and sanitation are clearly essentials for the healthand productivity of all 55 million people living in the LowerMekong Basin. But as Figure 1 indicates, a very high proportionof people in the basin lack adequate access to safe water andsanitation. This is particularly so in Cambodia, Lao PDR and VietNam, which all have largely rural, relatively dispersed populationsin their areas of the basin. And water for domestic use is not alwaysevenly distributed geographically, seasonally or equitably – factorswhich in turn can have severe impacts on development in general,and on poverty reduction in particular.In rural areas, women andchildren often walk long distancesto obtain drinking waterIn rural areas, the poor are the most vulnerable to inadequatesupplies of domestic water. It is their children who are the mostlikely to contract water-and-sanitation related diseases, especially243
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Mekong River CommissionState of the
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Published in Phnom Penh in June 200
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6. Macroeconomic trends in the Lowe
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4. Data on water and sanitation in
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Table 12. Net secondary enrolment (
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11. Trade and transport ...........
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The governments in the LMB have rec
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Figure 11 (a): Total suspended soli
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State of the Basin Report - 200395W
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5 - Peoples of the MekongDennis, J.
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5 - Peoples of the MekongWorld Bank
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7 - FisheriesFisheries 7The Mekong
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