SBR- Content.pmd - INBO

12 - Domestic water and sanitationIntestinal worms, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, viral hepatitis, schistosomiasis and trachoma(blindness caused by eye infections, which might be prevented by regular washing of infectedeyes and better home hygiene), are also closely linked with domestic water and sanitation andhygiene practices within the LMB. Domestic water and sanitation contribute as well to the spreadof some insect vector-transmitted diseases such as malaria and dengue through poor storage ofwater, ponding in pits or discarded containers around the home, and the inadequate drainage ofsurplus domestic water.As an illustration, of the eight most common health complaints in rural Cambodia, all but two arewater-linked. Four of these diseases (diarrhoea, hepatitis, typhoid and cholera) can be directly impactedby interrupting faecal-oral disease transmission routes through access to better domestic water andsanitation and improved hygiene. And most significantly, simple diarrhoea is still one of the twomain causes of death of Cambodian children under five years. 31Table 6. Some country-wide statistics on water and sanitation-linked diseaseCountryExample of 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000water andsanitationlinkeddiseaseCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCasesDeathsCambodiaCholeraDiarrhoeaSchistosomiasis76439181463101,17239742,8501,788a8,729d23173139a21291Lao PDRCholeraDiarrhoeaSchistosomiasis56824,04223,971d21765124d045123,77164142078025,51825584010718,69265110901464,05970341ThailandSevere DiarrhoeaDiarrhoeaTyphoid/ParatyphoidHepatitis0be50,4181,054,904e14,527b8,731e /212e7,932be0be352e3e /0e37e4,614e1,157,629e7,165e /226e6,415e25e323e1e /0e21e3,092e963,246e5,986e /184e6,357e13e215e1e /1e18e1,252e954,019e5,548e /210e6,476e5e196e5e /0e26eViet NamCholeraDiarrhoeaTyphoid/ParatyphoidDysenteryHepatitis1,828b149c60,105c#29,294b10,950c21,902c14,490b679c#0c10c5c0c2c#7c283,756c14,175c28,260c669c#0c283,756c14,175c28,260c669c#9c265,056c15,992c24,856c1,017c#1c14c7c0c1c#212c#259,076c#11,055#18,985#976c#0#10#6#0#3c#0#255,793#180,938d6,929#22,000#585c#0#7#2#0#1c#Notes:Sources:1. * indicates disaggregated for provinces in the LMB only2. # indicates for Mekong Delta only3. : for Viet Nam, unless otherwise marked, data applies to South Area, comprising 19 provinces4. Blank indicates no data currently available to MRCMRC 2000, except for those annotated: a: MBDSC 2002; b: SEAMIC 2002; c: T. K. Nguyen,Viet Nam National Mekong Committee, Personal correspondence, July 2002; d: WHO 2002a; ande: Ministry of Public Health 2002261