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State of the Basin Report - 2003Endnotes1Hori 20002McMahon et. al 19823McMahon et. al 19824Hori 20005MRC 19976Institute of Hydrology 19887ICOLD 20028Jantunen 20039UNEP-IETC 2000ReferencesHori, H. 2000. The Mekong, Environment and Development. United Nations University Press, Tokyo.398 pp.ICOLD. 2002. www.icold-cigb.org.cn/icold2000/st-a5-03.html. Accessed 4 Feb 2003.Institute of Hydrology. 1988. Water Balance Study Phase 3 Report. Investigation of dry seasonflows. Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK, for the Interim Committee for the Coordination ofInvestigations of the Lower Mekong Basin. Bangkok. 67 pp.Jantunen, T. Editor. 2003. Modelling Tonle Sap Watershed and Lake Processes for EnvironmentalChange Assessment. Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki.McMahon, T.A., B.L. Finlayson, A.T. Haines, and R. Srikanthan. 1992. Global Runoff. ContinentalComparisons of Annual Flows and Peak Discharges. Catena Verlag. Cremlingen. Germany. 166 pp.MRC. 1997. Mekong River Basin Diagnostic Study Final Report. Mekong River Commission,Bangkok. 249 pp.UNEP-IETC. 2000. Planning and management of lakes and reservoirs: an integrated approach toeutrophication. 2 nd Edition. UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre. Osaka, Japan.373 pp.Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Limnology. 2 nd Edition. Saunders, Philadelphia. USA. 767 pp.28
4 - Biota of the Mekong BasinBiota of the 4Mekong BasinThe Mekong Basin occurs at the junction between several different biogeographical zones. Thenorthern end of the tropical Malayan Peninsula meets the southeastern extension of the Himalayasand the southern edge of the northern temperate region of China. This results in a great variety ofecosystem types and the presence of a wide range of species, 1 although the actual species richness isprobably lower overall than in the extremely biodiverse tropical forests of southern peninsularMalaysia and Indonesia. 2 The Mekong Basin constitutes a significant component of the Indo-Burmabiodiversity hotspot, considered by Myers and co-authors 3 to be one of the eight major hotspots forbiodiversity worldwide. This section will briefly outline knowledge of the biota, with an emphasison the components associated with the river system.1. VegetationRundell 4 employed an ecological system of forest classification, dividing the forest first into montaneand lowland types, and then by rainfall and tree assemblages.The wet evergreen forests of mainland Southeast Asia are structurally similar to the better knownIndo-Malaysian forest formations which occur south of about 6° North latitude, but they are lessfloristically rich. They share many genera with the more southern forests, but are distinct at thespecies level. Within the basin, this forest type occurs in the Cardamom and Elephant Mountains inCambodia, and the Annamite Range in Viet Nam.Semi-evergreen or dry evergreen forestoccurs in regions where mean annualrainfall is generally between 1,200 mm and2,000 mm, and the dry season is 3-6months. Characteristically, they containmixed deciduous stands and/or deciduousdipterocarps. They are widespread acrossnorthern and central Thailand, extendingthrough Lao PDR and Cambodia.Mixed evergreen forest, Phnom Tbeng,Preah Vihear, CambodiaMixed deciduous forest or monsoon forestextends from Burma through northernThailand and Lao PDR, and is oftencharacterised by the presence of teak29
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