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General Bibliographical Note[xx]Under each period special collections of available sources are tobe found. The student is not given any bibliography of worksbearing on the topics, but is referred to the following accessibleworks of reference of recent date for additional information andbibliographies:The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopædia of Religious Knowledge,edited by S. M. Jackson, New York, 1908-12.The Catholic Encyclopædia, New York, 1907-12.The Encyclopædia Britannica, eleventh edition, Cambridge,1910.The Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, edited by J. Hastings,Edinburgh and New York, 1908 ff. (In course of publication.)For the patristic writers, their lives, works, editions, and otherbibliographical matter, see:G. Krüger, History of Early Christian Literature in the FirstThree Centuries, English translation by C. R. Gillett, New York,1897. Cited as Krüger.B. Bardenhewer, Patrologie, Freiburg-i.-B., 1911, Englishtranslation of second edition (1901) by T. J. Shahan, St. Louis,1908. Cited as Bardenhewer.In addition to the encyclopædias the following are indispensable,and should be consulted:Smith and Wace, Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature,Sects and Doctrines, London, 1877-87. (The CondensedEdition of 1911 by no means takes the place of this standardwork.) Cited DCB.Smith and Cheetham, Dictionary of Christian Antiquities,London, 1875-80. Cited DCA.
General Bibliographical Note 9Advanced students and those capable of using French andGerman are referred to the following, which have admirable andauthoritative articles and ample bibliographies:Realencyclopædie für protestantische Theologie, edited by A.Hauck, Leipsic, 1896 ff. Two supplementary volumes appearedin 1913. Cited PRE.Kirchenlexicon oder Encyclopædie der katholischen Theologieund ihrer Hilfswissenschaften, second edition, by J. Hergenrötherund F. Kaulen, Freiburg-i.-B., 1882-1901. Cited KL.Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique, edited by A. Vacantand E. Mangenot, Paris, 1903 ff.Dictionnaire d'Archéologie Chrétienne et de Liturgie, editedby F. Cabrol, 1903 ff.Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie Ecclesiastiques;edited by A. Baudrillart, A. Vogt, and U. Roziès, Paris, 1909 ff.Collections of sources in the original languages, easily procuredand to be consulted for texts and to some extent forbibliographies:C. Mirbt, Quellen zur Geschichte des Papsttums und desrömischen Katholizismus, third edition, Tübingen, 1911. Citedas Mirbt.C. Kirch, S. J., Enchiridion fontium historiæ ecclesiasticæantiquæ. Freiburg-i.-B., 1910. Cited as Kirch.H. Denziger, Enchiridion symbolorum, definitionum et declarationumde rebus fidei et morum, eleventh edition, editedby Clemens Bannwart, S. J., Freiburg-i.-B., 1911. Cited asDenziger.A. Hahn. Bibliothek der Symbole und Glaubensregeln deralten Kirche, third edition, Breslau, 1897. Cited as Hahn.G. Krüger. Sammlung ausgewählter kirchen und dogmengeschichtlicherQuellenschriften, Freiburg-i.-B.Of this useful collection especially important are the followingof more general application:
Page 1 and 2: The Project Gutenberg EBook of A So
Page 3 and 4: ContentsErrata. . . . . . . . . . .
Page 5: Chapter I. The Church At The Beginn
Page 8 and 9: Errata.[Transcriber's Note: These c
Page 11 and 12: Preface. 5the ancient Church in the
Page 13: Preface. 7[xix]
Page 17 and 18: The First Division Of AncientChrist
Page 19 and 20: Period I. The Apostolic Age: To Cir
Page 21 and 22: § 1. The Neronian Persecution 15ma
Page 23 and 24: § 2. The Death of Peter and Paul 1
Page 25 and 26: § 4. The Persecution under Domitia
Page 27 and 28: § 4. The Persecution under Domitia
Page 29 and 30: § 5. Christianity and Judaism 23§
Page 31 and 32: § 5. Christianity and Judaism 25hi
Page 33 and 34: § 6. The Extension of Christianity
Page 35 and 36: § 7. Relation of the Roman State t
Page 37 and 38: § 7. Relation of the Roman State t
Page 39 and 40: 33I write to all the churches and i
Page 41 and 42: § 10. Chiliastic Expectations 35ad
Page 43 and 44: § 10. Chiliastic Expectations 37th
Page 45 and 46: § 11. The Church and the World 39F
Page 47 and 48: § 12. Theological Ideas 41(a) Igna
Page 49 and 50: § 13. Worship in the Post-Apostoli
Page 51 and 52: § 13. Worship in the Post-Apostoli
Page 53 and 54: § 14. Church Organization 47day af
Page 55 and 56: § 14. Church Organization 49lest a
Page 57 and 58: § 14. Church Organization 51Church
Page 59 and 60: § 14. Church Organization 53sacrif
Page 61 and 62: § 15. Church Discipline 55in some
Page 63 and 64: § 16. Moral Ideas in the Post-Apos
Page 65 and 66:
§ 16. Moral Ideas in the Post-Apos
Page 67 and 68:
§ 16. Moral Ideas in the Post-Apos
Page 69 and 70:
63laid the foundations of the conci
Page 71 and 72:
§ 17. The Extension of Christianit
Page 73 and 74:
67are in Edessa kill their wives wh
Page 75 and 76:
public, others again secret; and th
Page 77 and 78:
71enemies; whilst, on the other han
Page 79 and 80:
73the most excellent Peregrinus (fo
Page 81 and 82:
75day, those foul shrines of an imp
Page 83 and 84:
77into the conduct of all, the acts
Page 85 and 86:
79neither of which cases is that of
Page 87 and 88:
81Speratus said: In a matter so jus
Page 89 and 90:
§ 20. The Literary Defence of Chri
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
89published before He came and was
Page 97 and 98:
§ 21. The Earlier Gnostics: Gnosti
Page 99 and 100:
§ 21. The Earlier Gnostics: Gnosti
Page 101 and 102:
95The successor of Simon Magus was
Page 103 and 104:
97the founder of Manichæanism. The
Page 105 and 106:
99will console them, so that they d
Page 107 and 108:
101nations were hostile to his nati
Page 109 and 110:
103were men of culture and literary
Page 111 and 112:
105proceed from one are images. But
Page 113 and 114:
107(d) Clement of Alexandria, Strom
Page 115 and 116:
109The following passage appears, f
Page 117 and 118:
111For some [i.e., the Church] say
Page 119 and 120:
113in as far as he is found giving
Page 121 and 122:
115us to rest from wicked actions;
Page 123 and 124:
§ 23. Marcion 117corruption and da
Page 125 and 126:
§ 23. Marcion 119destroying the pr
Page 127 and 128:
§ 24. Encratites 121Philumene. But
Page 129 and 130:
§ 25. Montanism 123attempt to revi
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter III. The Defence Against He
Page 133 and 134:
§ 27. The Apostolic Tradition and
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
133find Corinth. Since you are not
Page 141 and 142:
135The fourth of the gospels is Joh
Page 143 and 144:
137exegesis in use throughout the C
Page 145 and 146:
139the third century; see above, §
Page 147 and 148:
§ 29. The Apostles' Creed 141and t
Page 149 and 150:
§ 29. The Apostles' Creed 143was p
Page 151 and 152:
§ 31. The Results of the Crisis 14
Page 153 and 154:
Chapter IV. The Beginnings Of Catho
Page 155 and 156:
(A) The Logos Doctrine 149of the di
Page 157 and 158:
(B) The Doctrine of the Trinity 151
Page 159 and 160:
(D) Argument from Hebrew Prophecy 1
Page 161 and 162:
§ 33. The Asia Minor Conception of
Page 163 and 164:
§ 33. The Asia Minor Conception of
Page 165 and 166:
159Chapter I. The Political And Rel
Page 167 and 168:
161was also a relative of another,
Page 169 and 170:
1632. Spartianus, Vita Severi, XVII
Page 171 and 172:
165the rank of the venatores. And t
Page 173 and 174:
167indeed, immovable and in silence
Page 175 and 176:
§ 35. Religious Syncretism in the
Page 177 and 178:
171Lampridius is one of the Scripto
Page 179 and 180:
173with a military escort. Having r
Page 181 and 182:
175Lord without the sacrament as cu
Page 183 and 184:
177Ep. 71 [=70]. Ad Quintum.Which t
Page 185 and 186:
179Chapter II. The Internal Develop
Page 187 and 188:
181A brief extract from the followi
Page 189 and 190:
183admonishes Victor that he should
Page 191 and 192:
185Ch. 23. As to kneeling, also, pr
Page 193 and 194:
187How small is the gain if you do
Page 195 and 196:
189Ch. 10. I ask the woman herself,
Page 197 and 198:
§ 40. The Monarchian Controversies
Page 199 and 200:
(A) Dynamistic Monarchianism 193Ch.
Page 201 and 202:
(B) Modalistic Monarchianism 195the
Page 203 and 204:
(B) Modalistic Monarchianism 197Ch.
Page 205 and 206:
(B) Modalistic Monarchianism 199for
Page 207 and 208:
(B) Modalistic Monarchianism 201in
Page 209 and 210:
§ 42. The Penitential Discipline 2
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
211an apologetic work addressed to
Page 219 and 220:
213But it is not doubting, in refer
Page 221 and 222:
215that we understand Him to be, no
Page 223 and 224:
217The theory of pre-existence and
Page 225 and 226:
219(h) Origen, Contra Celsum, VII,
Page 227 and 228:
221wickedness may be changed by hab
Page 229 and 230:
223the “flesh,” as it were, of
Page 231 and 232:
§ 44. Neo-Platonism 225translated
Page 233 and 234:
227God from His purpose; nor do sac
Page 235 and 236:
§ 45. The Decian-Valerian Persecut
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
235§ 46. Effects of the Persecutio
Page 243 and 244:
237Concerning the martyrs, the Apos
Page 245 and 246:
239The schism of Felicissimus was o
Page 247 and 248:
241presbyters and deacons; and like
Page 249 and 250:
§ 47. The Chiliastic Controversy 2
Page 251 and 252:
245§ 48. Theology of the Second Ha
Page 253 and 254:
247Complaint was made to Dionysius,
Page 255 and 256:
249Father.” And this he acknowled
Page 257 and 258:
251from below.’)… And there are
Page 259 and 260:
253II. He who was born holy and rig
Page 261 and 262:
255men, even Adam. And thus, renova
Page 263 and 264:
§ 49. The Development of the Cultu
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
§ 50. The Episcopate in the Church
Page 271 and 272:
§ 51. The Unity of the Church and
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
§ 52. Controversy over Baptism by
Page 279 and 280:
§ 52. Controversy over Baptism by
Page 281 and 282:
§ 53. The Beginnings of Monasticis
Page 283 and 284:
§ 54. Manichæanism 277love which
Page 285 and 286:
§ 54. Manichæanism 279original ho
Page 287 and 288:
§ 54. Manichæanism 281disciples.
Page 289 and 290:
Chapter V. The Last Great Persecuti
Page 291 and 292:
§ 56. The Diocletian Persecution 2
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
293in the Roman episcopate. The dur
Page 301 and 302:
295sions and distress of all, hast
Page 303 and 304:
297them to improve the opportunity
Page 305 and 306:
The Second Division Of AncientChris
Page 307 and 308:
301controversies, the ecclesiastica
Page 309 and 310:
Period I: The Imperial State Church
Page 311 and 312:
§ 58. The Empire under Constantine
Page 313 and 314:
§ 58. The Empire under Constantine
Page 315 and 316:
§ 59. Favor Shown the Church by Co
Page 317 and 318:
§ 59. Favor Shown the Church by Co
Page 319 and 320:
§ 60. The Repression of Heathenism
Page 321 and 322:
§ 61. The Donatist Schism under Co
Page 323 and 324:
317presented me a sealed packet wra
Page 325 and 326:
319the things which ought to have b
Page 327 and 328:
3218. Concerning the Africans, beca
Page 329 and 330:
323brethren, what resolution the sy
Page 331 and 332:
325that they should profess in writ
Page 333 and 334:
327the lead, with an interpretation
Page 335 and 336:
329the West at Arles in 314. Here t
Page 337 and 338:
331is called the New. We believe in
Page 339 and 340:
333the Logos and Wisdom. Afterward
Page 341 and 342:
335(f) Eusebius of Cæsarea, Creed,
Page 343 and 344:
337(b). Constantine, however, never
Page 345 and 346:
339unworthy of the episcopate, but
Page 347 and 348:
§ 65. The Victory of the Anti-Nice
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
347in DCB; see also Catholic Encycl
Page 355 and 356:
349and all believers.(b) Creed of N
Page 357 and 358:
351Why do you condemn my faith in t
Page 359 and 360:
353In the West Constans did not enf
Page 361 and 362:
355through various places, when Axi
Page 363 and 364:
§ 68. Julian the Apostate 357the s
Page 365 and 366:
§ 68. Julian the Apostate 359whom
Page 367 and 368:
§ 68. Julian the Apostate 361sider
Page 369 and 370:
§ 68. Julian the Apostate 363(c) S
Page 371 and 372:
§ 68. Julian the Apostate 365comma
Page 373 and 374:
§ 68. Julian the Apostate 367I thi
Page 375 and 376:
369without reference to the truth o
Page 377 and 378:
371(b) Codex Theodosianus, XII, 1,
Page 379 and 380:
373Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arc
Page 381 and 382:
375your country, respect my years t
Page 383 and 384:
377heathen emperor raised an altar
Page 385 and 386:
379and the greater number as Venus,
Page 387 and 388:
§ 70. The Dogmatic Parties and The
Page 389 and 390:
§ 70. The Dogmatic Parties and The
Page 391 and 392:
385and more accurate than the said
Page 393 and 394:
387(a) Council of Constantinople, A
Page 395 and 396:
389And in the life eternal.(c) Epip
Page 397 and 398:
§ 72. The Constitution of the Stat
Page 399 and 400:
(B) The Hierarchical Organization 3
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
§ 73. Sole Authority of the State
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
417in the Arian controversy. Damasu
Page 425 and 426:
419suits on authorization by the co
Page 427 and 428:
§ 75. Social Significance of the S
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
435even the leaders of society have
Page 443 and 444:
437regarding such matters as the ve
Page 445 and 446:
439The Council of Laodicæa is of u
Page 447 and 448:
441deny that they were Christians s
Page 449 and 450:
4433. They may not sleep lying down
Page 451 and 452:
445despise the commandments of the
Page 453 and 454:
447the West this opposition of the
Page 455 and 456:
449bestowed much pains upon these w
Page 457 and 458:
451example of the saintly master. N
Page 459 and 460:
453Hefele contends that every woman
Page 461 and 462:
455Canon 12. Moreover, it has also
Page 463 and 464:
457wives, so that, adorned with a p
Page 465 and 466:
459By thus following up the ideas o
Page 467 and 468:
461tended inevitably to separate ec
Page 469 and 470:
§ 79. The Empire of the Dynasty of
Page 471 and 472:
§ 79. The Empire of the Dynasty of
Page 473 and 474:
467(a) Socrates, Hist. Ec., II, 41.
Page 475 and 476:
469undertook to instruct these barb
Page 477 and 478:
471who had been standing in a safe
Page 479 and 480:
473Augustine, Confessiones, VIII, 2
Page 481 and 482:
§ 82. Augustine's Life and Place i
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
§ 83. Augustine and the Donatist S
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
§ 84. The Pelagian Controversy 499
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
§ 85. Semi-Pelagian Controversy 51
Page 521 and 522:
Page 523 and 524:
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
523efficient and generally grateful
Page 531 and 532:
525position; the see of Rome can re
Page 533 and 534:
527may not be overthrown, nor metro
Page 535 and 536:
529laying the foundations of the pa
Page 537 and 538:
531section as illustrating the prin
Page 539 and 540:
533us by a descent of three steps.
Page 541 and 542:
535Condemnation of Origen by Anasta
Page 543 and 544:
537whom I have already mentioned, w
Page 545 and 546:
539The people readily took this as
Page 547 and 548:
541many of them to the priesthood,
Page 549 and 550:
543is opposed to each other; for ea
Page 551 and 552:
545or an ox, or some other creature
Page 553 and 554:
547of Theodore, yet its historical
Page 555 and 556:
549flesh, how could He who was born
Page 557 and 558:
551appropriate to God the Word, oth
Page 559 and 560:
553arrived. Cyril and Memnon, who h
Page 561 and 562:
555rather confess Him as at the sam
Page 563 and 564:
557The letter is very long and give
Page 565 and 566:
559common judgment of all the most
Page 567 and 568:
561in an extreme form, of being her
Page 569 and 570:
563Virgin is consubstantial with us
Page 571 and 572:
565and perfect nature of true man w
Page 573 and 574:
567West.In this definition, it shou
Page 575 and 576:
569therefore this present, great, a
Page 577 and 578:
571but one and the same Son and Onl
Page 579 and 580:
573[i.e., the royal commissioners w
Page 581 and 582:
575this alone should have reception
Page 583 and 584:
577as enemies of God and to our saf
Page 585 and 586:
579deprived of the laver of regener
Page 587 and 588:
581as condemnatory as excommunicati
Page 589 and 590:
583shown to the prelate of that see
Page 591 and 592:
585bishop of Poitiers; 9. … of Am
Page 593 and 594:
587St. Georgius; 57. the writings w
Page 595 and 596:
Period III. The Dissolution Of The
Page 597 and 598:
Chapter I. The Church In The Easter
Page 599 and 600:
§ 93. The Age of Justinian 593Mono
Page 601 and 602:
§ 93. The Age of Justinian 59510.
Page 603 and 604:
§ 93. The Age of Justinian 597and
Page 605 and 606:
§ 93. The Age of Justinian 599and
Page 607 and 608:
§ 93. The Age of Justinian 601acco
Page 609 and 610:
§ 93. The Age of Justinian 603judg
Page 611 and 612:
§ 94. The Byzantine State Church u
Page 613 and 614:
Page 615 and 616:
Page 617 and 618:
Page 619 and 620:
613themselves to sincere penitence
Page 621 and 622:
615Theology has given to all heaven
Page 623 and 624:
617the sacred mysteries all those w
Page 625 and 626:
§ 96. The Celtic Church in the Bri
Page 627 and 628:
Page 629 and 630:
Page 631 and 632:
625About this time he became a Cath
Page 633 and 634:
627from my help. Therefore, I belie
Page 635 and 636:
629Ch. 37. Thereupon King Chlodowec
Page 637 and 638:
631our action to remove the obstacl
Page 639 and 640:
§ 98. The State Church in the Germ
Page 641 and 642:
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
Page 647 and 648:
Page 649 and 650:
Page 651 and 652:
Page 653 and 654:
647Ages and was the most important
Page 655 and 656:
649relating to other matters, shoul
Page 657 and 658:
651to teach himself, even when I im
Page 659 and 660:
653Let secure possession of their o
Page 661 and 662:
655the notary and John the abbot ar
Page 663 and 664:
657eight years. At the request of P
Page 665 and 666:
6599. At the same time the patricia
Page 667 and 668:
§ 100. The Foundation of the Anglo
Page 669 and 670:
Page 671 and 672:
Page 673 and 674:
Page 675 and 676:
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
673they glorified Him, neither addi
Page 681 and 682:
675This is one of the most importan
Page 683 and 684:
677Canon 7. In oratories on landed
Page 685 and 686:
679(f) II Council of Toledo, A. D.
Page 687 and 688:
681stubble, upon the foundation of
Page 689 and 690:
683Not long before our time the cas
Page 691 and 692:
68523. If a stranger retire from th
Page 693 and 694:
6872. If a monk vomit from drunkenn
Page 695 and 696:
689(d) Bede, Penitential, ch. XI. H
Page 697 and 698:
691Historical Documents, 1892, and
Page 699 and 700:
6935. Concerning obedience. The fir
Page 701 and 702:
695of enduring abstinence should kn
Page 703 and 704:
697burden of labor as to be driven
Page 705 and 706:
699he shall take off his own garmen
Page 707 and 708:
701monk is to remove, he must obtai
Page 709 and 710:
703Brother (such a one): Is it your
Page 711 and 712:
§ 105. Foundation of Mediæval Cul
Page 713 and 714:
Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
Page 719 and 720:
§ 106. The Rise and Extension of I
Page 721 and 722:
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Page 727 and 728:
721two complete and persisting natu
Page 729 and 730:
723this and another and not one and
Page 731 and 732:
725concerning the incarnation of Go
Page 733 and 734:
727operation, which by the heretics
Page 735 and 736:
729his will—that is to say, Theod
Page 737 and 738:
731For as His most holy and immacul
Page 739 and 740:
733of fact and may be treated apart
Page 741 and 742:
735entirely with doctrinal matters
Page 743 and 744:
737drew up a list of councils and o
Page 745 and 746:
739Since we know that it is handed
Page 747 and 748:
741traditional ecclesiastical obser
Page 749 and 750:
743to grant what has been asked by
Page 751 and 752:
745election, we have sent you our f
Page 753 and 754:
747unbelief of the Arian heresy. Th
Page 755 and 756:
749in Italy during the last years o
Page 757 and 758:
751all chose leaders 317 for themse
Page 759 and 760:
753more, a star, called Gold-bearin
Page 761 and 762:
755the conclusion and summing up of
Page 763 and 764:
757For the honor which is given her
Page 765 and 766:
759which promise He made, not only
Page 767 and 768:
761in her, define with all certitud
Page 769 and 770:
IndexThe Analytical Table of Conten
Page 771 and 772:
Index 765Apollinaris the Elder, 334
Page 773 and 774:
Index 767Baptism, 39, 116, 167, 179
Page 775 and 776:
Index 769Celibacy, laws permitting,
Page 777 and 778:
Index 771Constantine I, Edict of Mi
Page 779 and 780:
Index 773Decius, emp., persecution
Page 781 and 782:
Index 775Eucharist, 18, 21, 30 f.,
Page 783 and 784:
Index 777Hadrian, emp., 153.Hatfiel
Page 785 and 786:
Index 779Irenæus, on John, 26;on G
Page 787 and 788:
Index 781Leo of Rome, on the Prisci
Page 789 and 790:
Index 783Martin of Rome, 660.Martin
Page 791 and 792:
Index 785Muratorian Fragment, 117-1
Page 793 and 794:
Index 787Pachomius, Rule of, 402-40
Page 795 and 796:
Index 789Philippopolis, council of
Page 797 and 798:
Index 791Redemption, Asia Minor con
Page 799 and 800:
Index 793Sixtus of Rome, 211.Slaves
Page 801 and 802:
Index 795Theodore of Mopsuestia, hi
Page 803:
Index 797Victorinus, philosopher, 4
Page 807:
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