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370 A Source Book for Ancient Church History[338]as his colleague for the East. The two were tolerant towardheathenism, but Valens took an active part in favor of Arianism,while Valentinian held aloof from doctrinal controversy. Onthe death of Valentinian I, his sons Gratian (murdered at Lyons,383) and Valentinian II (murdered at Vienne by Arbogast, 392),succeeded to the Empire. Under them the policy of tolerationceased, heathenism was proscribed. In the East under Theodosius,appointed colleague of Gratian in 379, the same policy wasenforced. Arianism was now put down with a strong hand inboth parts of the Empire.(a) Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman History, XXX, 9, § 5.The religious policy of Valentinian I.Ammianus Marcellinus is probably the best of the later Romanhistorians, and is the chief authority for much of the secularhistory from 353 to 378, in which period he is a source of thefirst rank, writing from personal observation and first-handinformation. Ammianus was himself a heathen, but he seemsnot to have been embittered by the persecution to which hisfaith had been subjected. He was a man of a calm andjudicial mind, and his judgment is rarely biassed, even whenhe touches upon ecclesiastical matters which, however, herarely does.Valentinian was especially remarkable during his reign for hismoderation in this particular—that he kept a middle course betweenthe different sects of religion, and never troubled any one,nor issued any orders in favor of one kind of worship rather thananother; nor did he promulgate any threatening edicts to bowdown the necks of his subjects to the form of worship to whichhe himself was inclined; but he left these parties just as he foundthem, without making any alterations.
371(b) Codex Theodosianus, XII, 1, 75; A. D. 371.In this edict Valentinian I confirms the immunities of theheathen priesthood which had been restored by Julian. Theheathen priesthood is here shown to continue as still opento aspirants after political honors and conferring immunitiesupon those who attained it. The curial had to pass through thevarious offices in fixed order before he attained release fromburdens which had been laid upon him by the State's systemof taxation.Let those be held as enjoying immunity who, advancing by thevarious grades and in due order, have performed their variousobligations and have attained by their labor and approved actionsto the priesthood of a province or to the honor of a chief mag- [339]istracy, gaining this position not by favor and votes obtained bybegging for them, but with the favorable report of the citizensand commendation of the public as a whole, and let them enjoythe repose which they shall have deserved by their long labor,and let them not be subject to those acts of bodily severity inpunishment which it is not seemly that honorati should undergo.(c) Theodoret. Hist. Ec., IV, 21; V, 20. (MSG, 82:1181.)The following statement of Theodoret might seem to havebeen inspired by the general hatred which was felt for theviolent persecutor and pronounced Arian, Valens. Neverthelessthe statement is supported by references to the conditionsunder Valens made by Libanius in his Oratio pro Templis,addressed to the Emperor Theodosius.IV, 21. At Antioch Valens spent considerable time, and gavecomplete license to all who under cover of the Christian name,pagans, Jews, and the rest preached doctrines contrary to thoseof the Gospel. The slaves of this error even went so far as to
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of A So
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ContentsErrata. . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter I. The Church At The Beginn
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Errata.[Transcriber's Note: These c
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Preface. 5the ancient Church in the
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Preface. 7[xix]
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General Bibliographical Note 9Advan
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The First Division Of AncientChrist
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Period I. The Apostolic Age: To Cir
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§ 1. The Neronian Persecution 15ma
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§ 2. The Death of Peter and Paul 1
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§ 4. The Persecution under Domitia
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§ 4. The Persecution under Domitia
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§ 5. Christianity and Judaism 23§
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§ 5. Christianity and Judaism 25hi
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§ 6. The Extension of Christianity
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§ 7. Relation of the Roman State t
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§ 7. Relation of the Roman State t
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33I write to all the churches and i
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§ 10. Chiliastic Expectations 35ad
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§ 10. Chiliastic Expectations 37th
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§ 11. The Church and the World 39F
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§ 12. Theological Ideas 41(a) Igna
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§ 13. Worship in the Post-Apostoli
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§ 13. Worship in the Post-Apostoli
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§ 14. Church Organization 47day af
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§ 14. Church Organization 49lest a
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§ 14. Church Organization 51Church
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§ 14. Church Organization 53sacrif
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§ 15. Church Discipline 55in some
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§ 16. Moral Ideas in the Post-Apos
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63laid the foundations of the conci
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§ 17. The Extension of Christianit
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67are in Edessa kill their wives wh
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public, others again secret; and th
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71enemies; whilst, on the other han
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73the most excellent Peregrinus (fo
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75day, those foul shrines of an imp
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77into the conduct of all, the acts
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79neither of which cases is that of
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81Speratus said: In a matter so jus
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§ 20. The Literary Defence of Chri
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89published before He came and was
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§ 21. The Earlier Gnostics: Gnosti
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§ 21. The Earlier Gnostics: Gnosti
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95The successor of Simon Magus was
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97the founder of Manichæanism. The
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99will console them, so that they d
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101nations were hostile to his nati
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103were men of culture and literary
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105proceed from one are images. But
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107(d) Clement of Alexandria, Strom
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109The following passage appears, f
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111For some [i.e., the Church] say
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113in as far as he is found giving
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115us to rest from wicked actions;
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§ 23. Marcion 117corruption and da
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§ 23. Marcion 119destroying the pr
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§ 24. Encratites 121Philumene. But
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§ 25. Montanism 123attempt to revi
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Chapter III. The Defence Against He
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§ 27. The Apostolic Tradition and
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133find Corinth. Since you are not
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135The fourth of the gospels is Joh
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137exegesis in use throughout the C
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139the third century; see above, §
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§ 29. The Apostles' Creed 141and t
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§ 29. The Apostles' Creed 143was p
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§ 31. The Results of the Crisis 14
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Chapter IV. The Beginnings Of Catho
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(A) The Logos Doctrine 149of the di
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(B) The Doctrine of the Trinity 151
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(D) Argument from Hebrew Prophecy 1
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§ 33. The Asia Minor Conception of
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§ 33. The Asia Minor Conception of
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159Chapter I. The Political And Rel
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161was also a relative of another,
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1632. Spartianus, Vita Severi, XVII
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165the rank of the venatores. And t
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167indeed, immovable and in silence
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§ 35. Religious Syncretism in the
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171Lampridius is one of the Scripto
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173with a military escort. Having r
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175Lord without the sacrament as cu
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177Ep. 71 [=70]. Ad Quintum.Which t
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179Chapter II. The Internal Develop
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181A brief extract from the followi
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183admonishes Victor that he should
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185Ch. 23. As to kneeling, also, pr
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187How small is the gain if you do
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189Ch. 10. I ask the woman herself,
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§ 40. The Monarchian Controversies
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(A) Dynamistic Monarchianism 193Ch.
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(B) Modalistic Monarchianism 195the
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(B) Modalistic Monarchianism 197Ch.
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(B) Modalistic Monarchianism 199for
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(B) Modalistic Monarchianism 201in
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§ 42. The Penitential Discipline 2
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211an apologetic work addressed to
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213But it is not doubting, in refer
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215that we understand Him to be, no
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217The theory of pre-existence and
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219(h) Origen, Contra Celsum, VII,
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221wickedness may be changed by hab
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223the “flesh,” as it were, of
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§ 44. Neo-Platonism 225translated
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227God from His purpose; nor do sac
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§ 45. The Decian-Valerian Persecut
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235§ 46. Effects of the Persecutio
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237Concerning the martyrs, the Apos
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239The schism of Felicissimus was o
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241presbyters and deacons; and like
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§ 47. The Chiliastic Controversy 2
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245§ 48. Theology of the Second Ha
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247Complaint was made to Dionysius,
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249Father.” And this he acknowled
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251from below.’)… And there are
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253II. He who was born holy and rig
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255men, even Adam. And thus, renova
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§ 49. The Development of the Cultu
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§ 50. The Episcopate in the Church
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§ 51. The Unity of the Church and
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§ 52. Controversy over Baptism by
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§ 52. Controversy over Baptism by
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§ 53. The Beginnings of Monasticis
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§ 54. Manichæanism 277love which
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§ 54. Manichæanism 279original ho
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§ 54. Manichæanism 281disciples.
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Chapter V. The Last Great Persecuti
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§ 56. The Diocletian Persecution 2
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293in the Roman episcopate. The dur
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295sions and distress of all, hast
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297them to improve the opportunity
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The Second Division Of AncientChris
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301controversies, the ecclesiastica
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Period I: The Imperial State Church
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§ 58. The Empire under Constantine
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§ 58. The Empire under Constantine
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§ 59. Favor Shown the Church by Co
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§ 59. Favor Shown the Church by Co
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§ 60. The Repression of Heathenism
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§ 61. The Donatist Schism under Co
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317presented me a sealed packet wra
Page 325 and 326: 319the things which ought to have b
Page 327 and 328: 3218. Concerning the Africans, beca
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Page 331 and 332: 325that they should profess in writ
Page 333 and 334: 327the lead, with an interpretation
Page 335 and 336: 329the West at Arles in 314. Here t
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Page 339 and 340: 333the Logos and Wisdom. Afterward
Page 341 and 342: 335(f) Eusebius of Cæsarea, Creed,
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Page 345 and 346: 339unworthy of the episcopate, but
Page 347 and 348: § 65. The Victory of the Anti-Nice
Page 353 and 354: 347in DCB; see also Catholic Encycl
Page 355 and 356: 349and all believers.(b) Creed of N
Page 357 and 358: 351Why do you condemn my faith in t
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Page 361 and 362: 355through various places, when Axi
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Page 365 and 366: § 68. Julian the Apostate 359whom
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Page 369 and 370: § 68. Julian the Apostate 363(c) S
Page 371 and 372: § 68. Julian the Apostate 365comma
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Page 379 and 380: 373Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arc
Page 381 and 382: 375your country, respect my years t
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Page 385 and 386: 379and the greater number as Venus,
Page 387 and 388: § 70. The Dogmatic Parties and The
Page 389 and 390: § 70. The Dogmatic Parties and The
Page 391 and 392: 385and more accurate than the said
Page 393 and 394: 387(a) Council of Constantinople, A
Page 395 and 396: 389And in the life eternal.(c) Epip
Page 397 and 398: § 72. The Constitution of the Stat
Page 399 and 400: (B) The Hierarchical Organization 3
Page 411 and 412: § 73. Sole Authority of the State
Page 423 and 424: 417in the Arian controversy. Damasu
Page 425 and 426: 419suits on authorization by the co
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§ 75. Social Significance of the S
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435even the leaders of society have
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437regarding such matters as the ve
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439The Council of Laodicæa is of u
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441deny that they were Christians s
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4433. They may not sleep lying down
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445despise the commandments of the
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447the West this opposition of the
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449bestowed much pains upon these w
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451example of the saintly master. N
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453Hefele contends that every woman
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455Canon 12. Moreover, it has also
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457wives, so that, adorned with a p
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459By thus following up the ideas o
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461tended inevitably to separate ec
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§ 79. The Empire of the Dynasty of
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§ 79. The Empire of the Dynasty of
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467(a) Socrates, Hist. Ec., II, 41.
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469undertook to instruct these barb
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471who had been standing in a safe
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473Augustine, Confessiones, VIII, 2
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§ 82. Augustine's Life and Place i
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§ 83. Augustine and the Donatist S
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§ 84. The Pelagian Controversy 499
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§ 85. Semi-Pelagian Controversy 51
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523efficient and generally grateful
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525position; the see of Rome can re
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527may not be overthrown, nor metro
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529laying the foundations of the pa
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531section as illustrating the prin
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533us by a descent of three steps.
Page 541 and 542:
535Condemnation of Origen by Anasta
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537whom I have already mentioned, w
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539The people readily took this as
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541many of them to the priesthood,
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543is opposed to each other; for ea
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545or an ox, or some other creature
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547of Theodore, yet its historical
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549flesh, how could He who was born
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551appropriate to God the Word, oth
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553arrived. Cyril and Memnon, who h
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555rather confess Him as at the sam
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557The letter is very long and give
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559common judgment of all the most
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561in an extreme form, of being her
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563Virgin is consubstantial with us
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565and perfect nature of true man w
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567West.In this definition, it shou
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569therefore this present, great, a
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571but one and the same Son and Onl
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573[i.e., the royal commissioners w
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575this alone should have reception
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577as enemies of God and to our saf
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579deprived of the laver of regener
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581as condemnatory as excommunicati
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583shown to the prelate of that see
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585bishop of Poitiers; 9. … of Am
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587St. Georgius; 57. the writings w
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Period III. The Dissolution Of The
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Chapter I. The Church In The Easter
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§ 93. The Age of Justinian 593Mono
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§ 93. The Age of Justinian 59510.
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§ 93. The Age of Justinian 597and
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§ 93. The Age of Justinian 599and
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§ 93. The Age of Justinian 601acco
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§ 93. The Age of Justinian 603judg
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§ 94. The Byzantine State Church u
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Page 617 and 618:
Page 619 and 620:
613themselves to sincere penitence
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615Theology has given to all heaven
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617the sacred mysteries all those w
Page 625 and 626:
§ 96. The Celtic Church in the Bri
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625About this time he became a Cath
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627from my help. Therefore, I belie
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629Ch. 37. Thereupon King Chlodowec
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631our action to remove the obstacl
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§ 98. The State Church in the Germ
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647Ages and was the most important
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649relating to other matters, shoul
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651to teach himself, even when I im
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653Let secure possession of their o
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655the notary and John the abbot ar
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657eight years. At the request of P
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6599. At the same time the patricia
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§ 100. The Foundation of the Anglo
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673they glorified Him, neither addi
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675This is one of the most importan
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677Canon 7. In oratories on landed
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679(f) II Council of Toledo, A. D.
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681stubble, upon the foundation of
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683Not long before our time the cas
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68523. If a stranger retire from th
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6872. If a monk vomit from drunkenn
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689(d) Bede, Penitential, ch. XI. H
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691Historical Documents, 1892, and
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6935. Concerning obedience. The fir
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695of enduring abstinence should kn
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697burden of labor as to be driven
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699he shall take off his own garmen
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701monk is to remove, he must obtai
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703Brother (such a one): Is it your
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§ 105. Foundation of Mediæval Cul
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§ 106. The Rise and Extension of I
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721two complete and persisting natu
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723this and another and not one and
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725concerning the incarnation of Go
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727operation, which by the heretics
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729his will—that is to say, Theod
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731For as His most holy and immacul
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733of fact and may be treated apart
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735entirely with doctrinal matters
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737drew up a list of councils and o
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739Since we know that it is handed
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741traditional ecclesiastical obser
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743to grant what has been asked by
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745election, we have sent you our f
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747unbelief of the Arian heresy. Th
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749in Italy during the last years o
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751all chose leaders 317 for themse
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753more, a star, called Gold-bearin
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755the conclusion and summing up of
Page 763 and 764:
757For the honor which is given her
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759which promise He made, not only
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761in her, define with all certitud
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IndexThe Analytical Table of Conten
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Index 765Apollinaris the Elder, 334
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Index 767Baptism, 39, 116, 167, 179
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Index 769Celibacy, laws permitting,
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Index 771Constantine I, Edict of Mi
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Index 773Decius, emp., persecution
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Index 775Eucharist, 18, 21, 30 f.,
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Index 777Hadrian, emp., 153.Hatfiel
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Index 779Irenæus, on John, 26;on G
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Index 781Leo of Rome, on the Prisci
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Index 783Martin of Rome, 660.Martin
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Index 785Muratorian Fragment, 117-1
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Index 787Pachomius, Rule of, 402-40
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Index 789Philippopolis, council of
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Index 791Redemption, Asia Minor con
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Index 793Sixtus of Rome, 211.Slaves
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Index 795Theodore of Mopsuestia, hi
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Index 797Victorinus, philosopher, 4
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